嶺南地域 철문화의 출현과정과 전개

The emergence process and development of Iron cultures in Youngnam Area

본고는 영남지역 철문화의 계보, 출현과정과 시점, 그리고 사회발전과정에서의 역할에 대해서 언급한 글이다. 중국의『魏書』에 “弁辰鐵”이 기록되어있을 정도로 영남지역의 철이 三韓時代에서 차지하는 비중은 아주 높다. 기원전 3세기 초엽 秦開의 東胡攻略에 의한 5郡의 설치는 戰國 燕에 의해 中原文化가 중국 동북지방에 파급되는 계기가되는데 철기문화 역시 이와 궤를 같이 한다. 그런데 요동지역에서는 기원전 3세기 후반부터 초기철기가 비로소 출현하였고, 일반화된 것은 秦漢交替期를 전후한 무렵부터이다. 한반도의 초기철기와 직접 관련된 소위 ‘세죽리-연화보유형’의 철기문화는 秦漢交替期~西漢初인 기원전 3세기 말~기원전 2세기 초엽으로 편년되었다. 청천강 이남의 초기철기는 戰國 燕式 철기계보이며 출현시점은 기원전 2세기 중엽인데, 분묘부장품임을 감안하면 기원전 2세기 초엽까지 소급시킬 수 있다. 한반도 남부지역에서의 철기출현은 호서지역이 선행하고 영남지역이 뒤를 잇는다.

This article mentions about Iron cultural lineage, emergence process and time, and its role in the process of social development in Youngnam Area. “Byeonjincheol(弁辰鐵)” on 『Yushe(魏書)』 in China was recorded, which means Iron in Youngnam area plays a big role in Samhan era(三韓時代). In the early 3rd B.C, the installation of five groups(5郡) by Jingae’s(秦開) Donghogongryak(東胡攻略) made Jungwon culture(中原文化) by Yan state in the Warring States Period(戰國 燕) spread to the Northeast China, and Iron cultures also did. However, early iron age from the late 3rd century B.C in Yodong area began to emerge and was generalized, when was time before and after Jinhan change(秦漢交替期). The Iron culture of ‘Sejukri-Yeonwhabo type’ related to early Iron age directly is recorded chronologically in the late 3rd century~the early 2nd century B.C of Jinhan change~the early of Seohan(秦漢交替期~西漢初). Early Iron age in the south Cheongcheon river is Yan state in the Warring States Period-typed(戰國 燕式) Iron lineage, and its time of emergence is in the middle 2nd century B.C, considering tombs grave goods, it’s likely to have an effect to the early 2nd century B.C.With respect to the emergence of Iron in the southern area of the Korean Peninsula, Hoseo area was ahead and Youngnam area followed. While early Iron age in Hoseo area is about agricultural tools-centered cast ironwares, early Iron age in Youngnam area is about weapons-centered forge ironwares together with casting preparations’s agricultural tools and its emergence time also is recorded chronologically in the late 2nd century B.C step 2 later than Hoseo area.