統一新羅式기와의 成立과 造瓦體制의 變化

Establishment of Unified Silla Style Roof Tile and Changes of Roof Tile Production System

新羅의 三國統合에 따른 정치적ㆍ사회적 변화는 建築資材인 기와에도 투영되며, 우리는 그것을 ‘統一新羅式기와’라 命名한다. 본 글은 統一新羅式기와 成立의 의미를 瓦當文樣과 製作技術의 측면에서 再考하고, 造瓦體制의 변화양상을 검토하는 데 목적을 둔다. 우선, 보편적이지만 편의적으로 사용되고 있는 古新羅式기와와 統一新羅式기와의 개념에 대해, 수막새와 평기와로 나누어 재설정하였다. 統一新羅式수막새는 施文범위가 확대되어 外區(周緣部)에도 문양을 갖는 것, 統一新羅式평기와는 이른 바 中板타날구(一體製作式Ⅱ)를 사용하여 제작한 것으로 한정하였다.

Political and social change by Silla(新羅)’s unification of three nations(三國統合) has appeared by being reflectedon the change of archaeological data. Roof tile(瓦), also, is one of them, which we call it as ‘Unified Silla style(統一新羅式) roof tile’. In case of unified silla style(統一新羅式) convex tiles, as the result of investigating through the analysis of theinitial mould style(初現型式) convex tiles, used in the building of which foundation year(創建年代) is recognizable,the researcher could determine that various patterns were designed within relatively short period. Notablepoint is, the structure of mould(范型) which imprinted roofend tile had no change from the case of old style(古式) convex tiles, which show difference from the pattern and technique of Chinese Tang. Therefore, it can beconfirmed that the purpose was not the change of pattern along with inflow of technology, but the creation(創出) of new patterns. This proves that there was a recognition on the symbolization of ‘pattern’ from the nationaldimension. Also, it is important that the convex tiles of the same designw ere produced in several workshops.