본 연구에서는 파리와 서울 두 대도시 간의 비교문화적 분석을 통해 보다 안전하고 건강한 근린지역을 만들기 위한 건축계획적 전략을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 사회적 건강, 환경적 건강, 그리고 개인적 건강이라는 세가지 개념에 건축·도시환경이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 비교분석의 대상이 된 두 도시는 파리는 밀집한 저층의 중정형 블록으로, 서울은 독립적으로 선 초고층의 아파트 타워로 고밀도의 주거를 형성하고 있어 고밀도의 도시에서 주거를 제공하는 두 개의 상반된 접근방법을 보여준다. 연구는 두 단계에 걸쳐 수행되었는데, 첫 단계는 연구자의 현장조사와 관찰에 의해 두 지역의 물리적 특성이 조사되었으며, 두 번째 단계는 각각 서울에서 36명, 파리에서 66명의 주민을 대상으로 한 인터뷰를 통해 물리적 특성에 대한 주민들의 인식 등이 조사되었다. 연구결과 두 도시에서 모두 건축·도시환경이 사회적, 환경적, 개인적 건강과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 특히 저층 중정형 블록이 근린의 건강과 안전을 증진시키는데 상대적으로 유리하며, 초고층 타워로 구성된 주거지역은 토지이용이나 건축면적, 탄소배출량, 서비스의 양과 다양성 등에서 덜 효율적인 것으로 나타났다.
This paper is based on a comparative ethnographic study between the cities of Paris and Seoul, with the main objective of identifying the architectural planning strategies that make neighborhoods safer and healthier. This idea is developed around three concepts: Social health, Environmental health and personal health, and they are based on the relation between the built environment and the healthy functionality of a society, the mental and physical health of individuals, and the health of the planet. The neighborhoods chosen to be compared show two different approaches to provide housing in big cities: middle/low-rise enclosed blocks, in the city of Paris, and free-standing middle/high rise residential towers, in the city of Seoul. The study areas were analyzed in a selected area of 0.5km² in each city, by a two phase on site study: a first phase consisting on a field recognition by an observer, and a second phase consisting on interviews by questionnaires to the residents. The number of interviewees were 66 people in Paris and 36 people in Seoul. The ethnographic study was executed for a duration of two months, in the case of Paris, and 3 months in the city of Seoul, periods during which the two phases described above were conducted. Given the qualitative character of the ethnographic study, the results are presented by a descriptive statistical analysis of the collected data, and it highlights the multiple strategies which benefit the health and security of neighborhoods, found mainly in Paris. Comparing the architectural planning strategies on both cities, the low height enclosed block type, with its mix-uses character proved to be highly beneficial for social health, personal health and environmental health, in comparison to free standing towers and monofunctional design. The results also provide evidence on the relation and relevance of the built environment in the health of people, society and the planet in both cities, despite their different backgrounds. Another important finding was that the neighborhood with free standing towers analyzed in Seoul is less effective in terms of use of the land, referred to m² of construction, less services in quantity and variety and more CO2 emissions, when compared to the enclosed block type found in Paris. This paper intends to provide evidence on the importance of the design of the built environment in the health and safety of the people who inhabit them, and the planet in which they are built. It is hoped that the findings can serve as reference for designers and developers to respond to the climatic and social changes of our era.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
III. METHODOLOGY
IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
V. CONCLUSION
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