청일전쟁기 조일 간의 군사 관계

Military Relations during the Sino-Japanese War : the Installation Process of Yangho-dosunmuyoung and the Issue of Command Authority of the Joseon Army

양호도순무영은 경복궁 점령으로 해체되었던 조선군의 군사력이 동학농민군 진압을 위해 하나의 지휘부로 재정비된 것으로, 조선군 파견부대와 지방군에 대한 지휘 권한을 가진 기구였으며 선봉진을 통해 파견부대를 지휘하는 체계를 가지고 있었다. 그러나 평양 전투 이후 일본의 압력을 받던 조선 정부가 일본군의 조선군에 대한 지휘 권한 요구를 수용하면서 양호도순무영은 조선군 지휘부의 지휘 권한을 제한 당했다. 본래 양호도순무영이 조선군 파견부대를 지휘해야 하지만, 일본군은 일본군 병참사령부와 일본 공사관의 훈련에 따라 이들 양호도순무영 파견부대를 직접 지휘하려 했다. 양호도순무영의 지휘부이자 파견부대 지휘관을 겸직한 이규태는 자신의 ‘선봉장’ 지위를 통해 양호도순무영의 지휘 권한을 관철하려 했지만, 일본군은 이규태를 파견부대 지휘관으로 인정할 뿐이었다. 일본군은 조선 정부와 일본 정부 간의 합의를 근거로 들어 ‘선봉장’ 이규태의 지휘 권한을 철저히 부정하며 양호도순무영의 조선군 지휘 권한을 유명무실화하고 조선군에 대한 지휘 권한을 완전히 장악해 나갔다. 그러자 선봉진을 통해 파견부대를 지휘하는 양호도순무영의 지휘체제 역시 무너졌고, 양호도순무영 해체 이후 일본군은 조선군을 일본군식 체제로 재편성하려 했다.

Yangho-dosunmuyoung was the military organization that was reorganized into a single command by the Joseon army, which had been dissolved by the occupation of Kyungbok Palace, in order to suppress the Donghak peasants’ army. It had the commanding authority for the Joseon army and the local army dispatched for the suppression of the Donghak peasant army and had a system of directing the field troops through ‘the spearhead command’. However, the Joseon government, which was under Japanese pressure after the Pyongyang battle, accepted the request of command of the Japanese army to the Joseon army, and Yangho-dosunmuyoung was originally limited to the command authority of the Joseon army. Originally Yangho-dosunmuyoung would be commanded by the field troops of the Joseon army, but the Japanese army attempted to directly direct these field troops of the Joseon Army under the order of the Japanese army logistics command and the Japanese legation. Lee Gyu-tae, who also served as commanding officer and field troop commander of Yangho-dosunmuyoung, tried to carry out the command authority of Yangho-dosunmuyoung through his position of ‘the spearhead commander’, but the Japanese army commander only recognized Lee as a field troop commander. On the basis of the agreement between the Joseon government and the Japanese government, the Japanese army commander thoroughly denied the commanding authority of Lee’s ‘the spearhead commander’, made Yangho-dosunmuyoung’s authority to command the Joseon army became to be nominal. Therefore the Japanese army commander fully took command authority of the Joseon army. Then the command system of Yangho-dosunmuyoung, who had commanded field troops through ‘the spearhead command’, also collapsed. After the disband of Yangho-dosunmuyoung, the Japanese army reorganized the Joseon army into a Japanese army system. To conclude, the process of conflict for command authority of the Joseon army between Yangho-dosunmuyoung and the Japanese army was transformed into a system in which the Japanese army directly controlled and commanded the Joseon army.