대한제국기 충주 풍양 조씨 세도가의 가계와 경제기반

The Genealogy and Economic Base of the Johs of Pungyang, King’s Maternal Relatives, in Chungju Area during the Korean Empire Period

This study aims to examine the genealogy and economic base of the Johs of Pungyang, King’s maternal relatives. To analyze the economic base of politically-influential people from the Johs of Pungyang, this study used ‘Land Survey Register of Chungju-gun’. As research subjects, this study selected two great landowners named ‘Hyeong-ha Joh’ and ‘Dong-yun Joh’ who owned over 20 gyeols out of all the Johs of Pungyang. As descendants of a politically-influential family, Hyeong-ha Joh and Dong-yun Joh inherited a large fortune from their previous generations. These two figures accumulated much wealth through government service activities in addition to their fortune inherited from their ancestors. They were in government service for about 20 years, which became a main background that they could build up a fortune. In those days, government service was one of the best ways to accumulate and sustain wealth. Hyeong-ha Joh was in the 30th place out of all the great landowners in Chungju, while owning 23 gyeols, 40 boos and 8 soks. His land was mostly concentrated in 3 different myeons, and most of his land was in Geumcheon Myeon, which had a tribute granary using water transportation of South Han River. He owned more paddy fields than dry fields, and most of the fields belonged to Land Class 3. His land was mostly Class 3 or 4, which were relatively high in fertility Dong-yun Joh owned 22 gyeols, 75 boosand 7 soks of land, positioning in the 31st place out of all the great landowners in Chungju. His land was mostly concentrated in Geogok Myeon, which was an area located along the river course of Sough Han River. He also owned more paddy fields than dry fields, over twice more than dry fields. His land mostly belonged to Land Class 3 and 4, but 20.7% of his land was Class 2. In general, he owned land high in fertility. In terms of landowner management, Hyeong-ha Joh cultivated 1 gyeol, 40 boos and 5 soks out of all his land, while lending the rest of his land to tenants. As a result of analyzing the total arable land of tenants, 14% of the tenants were management-type rich farmers who cultivated over 2 gyeols, and the rate of tenants who cultivated over 1 gyeol was as high as 42%. With tenants who cultivated over 50 boos, it would reach up to 69%. In those days, landowners preferred tenants who owned more land and borrowed more land for production stability, and such landowner management is found in this study as well. Dong-yun Joh lent all his land to 55 tenants. As a result of analyzing the total arable land of tenants, this study found that 10 tenants (18.2%) cultivated over 2 gyeols, and 22 (40%) cultivated over 1 gyeol. With tenants who cultivated over 50 boos, the rate would reach up to 60%. He also preferred tenants who owned more arable land, pursuing landowner management for production stability. As the South Han River course area of Chungju was where farming management could take advantages, many politically-influential people accumulated land in this area. Most of Hyeong-ha Joh and Dong-yun Joh’s land was located along the river course of South Han River. This area was quite advantageous for farming and convenient for landowner management as well. Particularly, it was convenient to manage land, pay land rents and commercialize granaries by using the water course of South Han River. The two figures accumulated land along the river course of South Han River by using their authority and conducted landowner management by using the distribution network of South Han River.