카이로선언과 대한민국 임시정부

Cairo Declaration and Korean Provisional Government

Cairo Declaration guaranteed Korean independence was announced on December 1, 1943. The leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and China adopted the so-called Cairo Declaration in Cairo. Therefore the study of Cairo Declaration needs diverse materials from the United States, Great Britain, and China. This paper reviewed previous studies worked on the basis of the U.S. materials and scrutinized the decision making process by Chinese materials left unused until now. There are some materials on Cairo Declaration also in China. For example, they are “KailuoHuiyi QuanMao”(『開羅會議全貌』) published in December, 1943 just after Cairo Conference by Liu Ziqin(劉自勤), “ZhonghuaMinguo ZhongYao ShiLiao ChuBian”(『中華民國重要史料初編: 對日抗戰時期』) published in 1981 by Qin Xiaoyi(秦孝儀) which was originated from Jiang Jieshi’s secret documents, “ZongTongFu JiYao DangAn”(『總統府機要檔案』), and “KailuoHuiyi RiZhi”(『開羅會議日誌』) by Wang Chung-hui(王寵惠) who was a secretary of Jiang Jieshi, attended in Cairo Conference. The Chinese recorded minutely conference negotiating process between Roosevelt and Jiang Jieshi, contents prepared for the conference, and the schedule and negotiating process of Cairo Conference. Cairo Conference was held by Roosevelt’s proposal to Jiang Jieshi in June, 1943. Both sides promised to have a conference in Cairo, Egypt from November 22 until 26. Chinese Military Commission and the Supreme Dependence Commission prepared papers for the conference respectively and wrote in it that China would propose Korean liberty and independence at the same time. Jiang Jieshi also wrote “Korean liberty and independence” in his diary before the conference. From preparatory process, China had a plan to propose Korean independence. With his wife Song Meiling, Jiang Jieshi had a dinner with Roosevelt in Roosevelt’s lodgings for 4 hours on November 23. At this time Jiang Jieshi proposed Roosevelt to return Manchuria and Taiwan to China and to make Korea liberal and independent after Japanese defeat. Roosevelt also consented to these proposals. Roosevelt had a secretory Hopkins record what he agreed on with Jiang Jieshi, so a draft was prepared by Hopkins. Hopkins had this draft amended under instruction of Roosevelt and then brought this draft to Song Meiling and Wang Chung-hui on November 24. Jiang Jieshi also consented this draft translated in Chinese by Wang Chung-hui. This draft was delivered to Great Britain on November 25. Wang Chung-hui, British vice foreign minister Cadogan, and the U.S. ambassador to Soviet Union Harriman discussed this draft on November 26. At this time an unexpected dispute happened as Cadogan made an objection to Korean independence. Great Britain insisted a phrase of “to make Korea escape from Japanese control” instead of “to make Korea liberal independent state”. In addition, Great Britain asserted to remove a phrase about Korean independence under the pretext of that British Cabinet didn’t discuss Korean problem or the Soviet Union would oppose. On the other side, Wang Chung-hui repelled it strongly under the reason of that a problem of Korean independence was very important on the side of China and the Far East. In the fierce dispute, the draft fixed as it was as Harriman insisting no debate with the Soviet Union consented Chinese opinion. The problem of Korean independence was included in Cairo Declaration along with a consent of tripartite summits. It was Jiang Jieshi to propose Korean independence and it was Korean provisional government to persuade Jiang Jieshi. Leading figures of the provisional government paid a visit to Jiang Jieshi just after taking the information about Cairo Conference. President Kim Koo, Foreign Minister Cho So-ang, Propaganda Minister Kim Gyu-sik, and the Supreme Commander of Korean Independence Army(KIA) Yi Cheong-cheon asked Jiang Jieshi for the problem of Korean independence to be dealt in Cairo Conference.