후기의병기 일본군의 사찰 탄압

Japanese Army’s Oppression on Buddhist Temple in the Latter Period of the Righteous Armies’ Anti-Japanese Struggle

After dissolution of the Joseon army by the Korean-Japanese treat of 1907, righteous army acted in earnest and often stationed in the buddhist temple. Righteous Army did many activities in temple, which were taking care of room and board, gathering information, recruitment of troop, production of weapons and etc. As a result, temple was under oppression for suppression of righteous army. Japanese suppressed buddhist temple by incineration or blockade. Japanese temple incineration where righteous army stayed were means of retribution for monks and blocking of establishing righteous army base. As a result, 36 temples was disappeared in Korea since August 1907. Especially, 30 temples were disappeared between August and November in 1907, which comprise 83% of all disappeared temple at that time. It is presumed to be that japanese pushed forward a strong suppression because of upsurge of righteous army spirit directly after dissolution of Joseon army. At 1907, most of damages were happened in Northern Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do area, and at 1908, most of the damages were happened in Jeolla-do region. It took decades of time for recovering of temples and some temples could not be discovered forever. Also, because of incineration, korean buddhism had great cultural heritage lost. Blockade of temple mean forfeiture of food, breaking up of monks or stationing of japanese troops. This allows that control and surveillance of temple for blocking of righteous army usage. Thoughtless incineration made negative popular opinion and was decided inefficient method for suppression of righteous army, japanese chose incineration or blockade according to situation. At the case of temple which had big influence or potential of helping righteous army is small, blockade action was decided. Japanese controlling of temple lead Temple Act which established at 1911. the Japanese Government - General of Korea prohibited non-religious purpose of use of temple and political activities of monk. It is considered that blocking of connection between buddhism and independence movement. On the other hand, repressive politics of japanese could influence attitude of Buddhist monks. It is possible that monks became having a cooperative attitude for japanese because of fear. Conversely, indignation by suppression could influence that becoming righteous army or changing attitude which lukewarm to strong anti-japanese.