남한과 유엔의 북한지역 점령정책 구상과 통치

UN and the ROK’s Military Administration in the Occupied Area of North Korea, 1950

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the Implementation of the Military Administration in North Korea during the Korean War. Before the final settlement on the issue of the military administration in the North Korean area between the ROK government and the UN, the occupied area was extended, and both the ROK government and the UN independently pursued military administration. In early October, the ROK Government detached its police order. From the beginning, the military administration in North Korea was carried out differently in the eastern and western areas in terms of system and operational procedure. In the western area, dual systems of military administration were maintained by both sides as the US and the ROK forces occupied the important areas including P’yongyang; in the eastern area, the ROK forces took the initiative in the military administration as they advance across the 38th Parallel on October 1 and occupied the critical areas in advance while the UN forces landed in and occupied Hamkyong Province about one month later. The ROK forces thus proclaimed martial law in the northern part of Korea and set up a civil affairs bureau of martial law enforcement forces and appointed the chief of the bureau in each province. The friction and confrontation in the process of starting the military administration between the ROK and the UN forces was submerged since the ROK government accepted the “October 12 Resolution” of the UN and thus recognized the UN sovereignty over the occupied area. Thus, the ROK government ceased its activities to lead the military administration, and those self-ruling committees, self-defense forces, and the police organizations were absorbed by authorities of the US military administration under its command. As the institutions for the UN military administration were organized in the P’yongannam-do area, a part of those police forces and administrative personal were incorporated into the organ of the UN administration, but the rest returned to the south. Finally, the basic nature of the UN military administration in maintaining the self-rule under its command turned out to be a formality. However, the basis of the residents’ daily life depended upon the self-ruling committees, police, self-defense forces or security guard composed of the mature youth organized for each unit. Situations varied according to the region, but various social organizations, such as the YMCA, the Korea Youth Association, the Northwest Youth Association, and others were set up for active participation in the occupied area.