1945~1951년 미소·한일의 대마도 인식과 정책

The Allied Powers, Korea, and Japan s View and Policy on the Tsushima Island after World War II

After the end of World War II, the Allied Powers as well as Korea discussed the territory problem of Japan including Tsushima island. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Soviet Union prepared a memorandum on Tsushima for the Soviet delegates to the London Conference of Foreign Ministers in September 1945. It argued that Tsushima island should be turn over to Korea, because it was used as an military base for the invasion of the Korean peninsula and China. Soviet planned to turn over Tsushima to Korea on the condition that U.S. would agree the Pusan, Chinhae, Jeju, and Chemulpo ports should be hand over to Soviet Navy. But Soviet s plan would not discussed during the London Conference. During the process of the San Francisco Peace Conference, Soviet proposed the Ryukyu and Japanese mandatory islands issues, but did not mention the Tsushima island. The Office of Intelligence Research (OIR) of U. S. Department of States prepared the report on Tsushima in 1950, named Korea s recent claim to the Island of Tsushima. OIR made Tsushima report because Korea strongly argued that Tsushima island was belonged to Korea and should be turn over to Korea after World War II. OIR decided that the nature of Korea s claim to Tsushima was not the matter of sovereignty but the Korean nationalism and anti-Japan feeling. OIR presumed that Korea s claim to Tsushima would not be continued. In July 1951, John Foster Dulles of presidential envoy to the Peace Treaty with Japan rejected Korean government s official request to turn over Tsushima island to Korea because it was legitimately ruled by Japan for centuries. Korea had deep concern on the Tsushima issue and had international influence on that problem. Before the Korean Government established in 1948, Korean Interim Legislative Assembly as well as Old Patriot s Association claimed the return of Tsushima to Korea. They argued on the bases that Tsushima s being adjacent to Korea proper, it s historical subordination to Korea, and the removal the possibility of invasion base. Especially the theory and historical arguments that were included in the Old Patriot s Association s petition to MacArthur became the key position of Korean Government on the Peace Treaty with Japan. It included the claim on Tsushima island, Parang island, and Dokdo islands as well as the logical and historical evidences of Korean Government on the returning Tsushima issue. After the establishment of Korean government, President Syngman Rhee and National Assembly raised the issue of returning Tsushima island to Korea. But there were no new proofs and argument, but it became international issue because of high ranking officers of Korea continuous raising the Tsushima problem. There were not enough national consensus on Korean people to claim the official return of Tsushima. In 1951, Korean government discussed several problems on Peace Treaty with Japan with U.S. Department of State. Korean government asked the return of Tsushima on the base that it was the territory of Korea but forcibly occupied by Japan. U.S. rejected the Korea s claim on Tsushima. After Korea-U.S. negotiations, Tsushima issued was recurred as a Korean domestic problem. After the defeat of World War II, Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs(JMFA) prepared the coming Peace Treaty with Allied Powers but did not much attention to the Tsushima issue. JMFA focused on how to dealing with the small islands adjacent to Japan proper because Allied Powers declared that Japanese territory would be composed of four main islands and minor islands adjacent to Japan proper which would be decided by Allied Powers. But in December 19, 1945, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers issued the occupation policy statement that Tsushima would be within the Japan proper. After that statement, there were no significant attention on Tsushima by JMFA.