신간회 초기 민족주의 세력의 정세인식과 ‘민족적 총역량 집중’론의 제기

Nationalist Group’s Perception of Political Situation and Claim of “Focus of All National Capacity” in the Early Stage of the Singanhoe

The aim of this study is to examine what the realistic political circumstances of the nationalist group establishment of the Singanhoe was based on, and explain how nationalist group’s understood changes in the political circumstances in Japan and China in the early stages of Singanhoe establishment and map out the lines of their campaign based on the circumstances. Establishment of the Singanhoe was led jointly by Gyeonggi-Chungcheong regional groups and Heungeop gurakbu Christian groups and the Cho-Sun Ilbo and Shi-Dae Ilbo groups. Conservatisation of the Japanese political world became conspicuous as the cabinet of the Rikken Seiyūkai[立憲正友會] was established after the Showa financial crisis in April, 1927. Division of Chinese Kuomin party-Communist party collaboration started with Jiang Jieshi[蔣介石]’s Shanghai coup d’état on April 12, 1927, leading to the dawn of a crisis for the Chinese People’s Revolution. It was the understanding of the nationalists of Korea that the reason behind Chiang Kai-shek’s coup d’état was that the Chinese Communist Party failed to reach a negotiation point between left and right as it pursued establish in the Soviet for the working class and hegemony of labor, resulting in division. Meanwhile, the ML group 3rd Korean Communist Party claimed a “prior gain of proletarian hegemony theory” and tried to rule hegemony of the Singanhoe focusing on local chapters. Amid such changes in domestic and international circumstances nationalist groups within and outside the Singanhoe almost simultaneously claimed “focus of all national capacity” and started to assemble the Singanhoe. “Focus of all national capacity” aimed to include important groups from different groups and areas of the nationalist movement after eliminating the communist group that claimed prior gain of proletarian hegemony theory. Through participation of the nationalist groups, the Dong-A Ilbo group focusing on Song Chin-woo and the Heungsadan· Suyang-Donguhoe groups and northwest Christian groups focusing on An Chang-ho and Jo Man-suk, Singanhoe positioned itself as the central organization of the reputable nationalist movement which included almost all nationalist and socialist groups. The strengthened nationalist groups within the Singanhoe started a sense of crisis for the communist groups, starting a debate surrounding the matter.