일제 강점기 杭州 高麗寺의 재발견과 重建籌備會

Rediscovery of Koryeosa Temple in Hangzhou and the Shanghai Restoration Committee of Koryeosa Temple

In around 1919, when the Japanese Empire was eagerly ambitious to invade Korea, a group of students and Korean independent activists staying in Shanghai and Hangzhou, visited Koryeosa Temple in Hangzhou. They appealed to the Koreans in the mainland to restore Koryeosa Temple. Master Uicheon(義天大師) once stayed at the temple to seek the Dharma but it had been long forgotten as Ming and Ching Empires conducted the naval blockade policy. Those who visited the temple felt a strong sense of national consciousness. Shin Kyu-shik(申圭植 1879~1922) found a ruined temple on the site of Koryeosa Temple in 1915, while he was acting as a member of the Korean-Chinese combined forces against the Japanese Empire. He repaired the temple with his own expense and put a signboard up to the main building on which Koryeosa was written. He expressed his sorrow for his lost nation in the verse carved on the pillars of the building. It was Um Hang-seop(嚴恒燮, 1898~1962) who informed the people in Korea of the existence of the temple. In 1923, he visited the temple and contributed an article about the temple to a Buddhist magazine in Korea. He appealed for the need of the restoration of Koryeosa Temple through the article. He left Korea after the 1919 Independence Movement and studied at the Zhijiang University in Hangzhou. He wrote the article to arouse Koreans national consciousness. Kim Chu-kye(金秋溪) also visited the temple and wrote a poem entitled Koryeosaga(高麗寺歌) . That poem tells about the history of the relationship between Korea and China. He praised the Korean people s superiority in it. Even though his poem was published in a Buddhist magazine in Korea, he still remained anonymous. The restoration of Koryeosa Temple was an urgent need for Buddhists. Shin Sang-wan(申尙玩), who had led not only the 1919 Independence Movement under the guidance of Manhae Han Yong-un but also a student organization named ‘Yusimhoe(唯心會)’, failed to restore the temple since he was arrested by the Japanese police officers in Shanghai. He was traveling in Shanghai, Japan, and some other places to raise funds for an independence movement when he was arrested. Ok Kwan-bin(玉觀彬) who had his own business in Shanghai in the late 1920s, established an organization for the restoration of Koryeosa Temple and put spurs to the financing movement for the restoration project. He had a connection with Kwon Sang-ro who was the doyen of Korean Buddhist society and Byeon Dong-hwa (邊東華). He carried out another activity with supports from master Taheo(太虛法師) who was leading the reformation movement in Chinese Buddhist society. He tried very hard to recover the site of Koryeosa Temple with zen master Gakbi (却非禪師) who was the chief monk of Yeongeunsa Temple in Hangzhou. In the meantime Ok Kwan-bin succeeded in business and lived in luxury, but he disregarded the members of the provisional government. In the summer of 1933, he was murdered by the young men affiliated with the provisional government at the age of 42, and the preparatory committee for the restoration movement came to a halt.