항일혁명가 이인섭(1888~1982)의 회상기에 기록된 스탈린 대탄압과 항일혁명역사 복원·기념운동

Stalin’s Great Terror and the Activities for Recovering and Memorializing the Korean Anti-Japanese Revolution which Are Recorded in the Memoirs of a Anti-Japanese Revolutionary, Yi In-seop(1888~1982)

In this paper, the author intends to review the Stalin’s terror in the 1930s through the memoirs of Yi In-seop, an anti-Japanese revolutionary who had personally experienced the Stalin’s terror in late 1930s. Yi In-seop’s records of his last encounters with the Korean revolutionaries in Khabarovsk, Almata, Chimkent and Kzyl-orda provide very valuable insights into unknown and betrayed last lives of Stalin’s Korean victims. The author also introduces the activities of the former anti-Japanese revolutionaries including Yi In-seop and other Koreans, who had tried to collect the memoirs about Korean anti-Japanese revolutionary activities and to erect memorial monuments for Korean revolutionaries.In this paper, the author utilizes The Memoir of an Exile(망명자의 수긔), Yi In-seop’s autobiographic record and the letters exchanged between Yi In-seop and other Koreans as primary historical sources. In the first part of this paper, the specific charges brought by the NKVD (People’s Committee of Internal Affairs) officials against the Korean revolutionaries, whom Yi In-seop had met in prisons in Khabarovsk and in semi-underground dugouts(반땅굴막) in Chimkent and Kzyl-orda in Kazakhstan are individually described. Regardless of the differences in political background and factional membership, those Korean revolutionaries were arrested and executed by the NKVD officials. Members of the Shanghai group and ML group were imprisoned in Khabarovsk, and those of the Irkutsk group and the National Council were imprisoned in Nikol’sk-Ussurisk and Vladivostok respectively. Records of their factional relationship were utilized as strong criminal evidence for their “anti-revolutionary, anti-Soviet activities and enemies of people” by NKVD officials. The second part of the paper deals with the efforts of Yi In-seop and other Korean revolutionaries to write their own memoirs and collect historical materials related to their participation in anti-Japanese revolutionary movement in Manchuria and the Russian Far East. Those former Koreanrevolutionaries also tried to memorialize Koreans partisans who had made sacrifices in the battles against the White Guards in Iman, Volochaevka, Khabarovsk and Olga in order to defend the Soviet power in the Russian Far East. Owing to the Khrushchev’s policy of de-Stalinization and limited liberalization introduced in late 1950s, those Koreans endeavored torecover party memberships and to obtain political rehabilitation. They also actively participated in mailing letters and historical materials and contributing articles to newspapers. In their letters, newspaper articles, diaries and memoirs, former Korean revolutionaries expressed their political opinions about incidents, organizations, persons and battles and criticized wrong or different explanations made by other Koreans. Although some writings are in some ways tainted by factional background, those various types of materials are without doubt of historicalimportance for writing history of Korean anti-Japanese movement. Yi In-seop strongly emphasized that Kim Aleksandra Petrovna Stankevich, Yin Dong-hwi and Hong Beom-do would not disregarded in writing history of Korean revolutionary movement in Russia. He warned that there must not be a room for criticizing or depreciating those three persons. Yi In-seop wrote biographies of the three persons. Yi In-seop particularly had personal affection for Hong Beom-do with whom he had shared a common birthplace (Pyongyang) and anti-Japanese partisan activities in Korea. His active role in the committee for mending Hong Beom-do’s tomb in Kzy-orda proved his special concern about memorializing Homg=Beom-do. Specific descriptions of Yi In-seop’s memoir are with high credibility which comes from his personal experience. Yi In-seop’s memoir has a unique value in that it was written by the victim who had barely survived Stalin’s terror.