한말 일제하 장시와 포구의 존재 양태

The Patterns of Rural Periodic Markets and Port Markets in Korea Modern Society : Focused on the Logistics Distribution Structure of the Gwangcheon Market

Since the Chosun Dynasty, Gwangcheon had functioned as the center of economy and transportation for the Naepo area in the west coast of Chungcheong do. Accordingly, a large volume of goods were collected and distributed there. This was partially because of the geopolitical role of Gwangcheon but, on the other hand, it was possible due to the emergence of the new coastal economic bloc of Ongampo, which had Gwangcheon as its hinterland. The Gwangcheon Market and the Ongampo Market played roles supplementary to each other, and led distribution economy in the west coast. Since the late Chosun Dynasty, Gwangcheon and Ongam had been the centers of collection and distribution of marine products, and had active transactions of agricultural products including rice. With regard to textile manufacturing as well, Gwangcheon occupied an important position in the Hongseong County. Since the late 19th century, distribution economy had been expanded and, as a result, Ongam had become a representative port in the area around Naepo and played the role of a base for distributing rice collected in Gwangcheon and marine products from neighboring coastal areas and islands to large cities. In the course, major merchants including commission merchants engaged in business actively, and Japanese merchants also visited this area frequently by ship and carried on active business transactions. Ongampo City, which had the functions of collection and distribution as a center of maritime logistics, played the role of an ‘intermediate market’ and, at the same time, the role of sending goods not only to Gwangcheon positioned at an strategic point of inland transportation but also to ‘central markets’ in Incheon, Gunsan, etc. The link that connected Gwangcheon as a central market and Ongam as an intermediary market was the expansion of local markets and business transactions. Role allotment according to geographical characteristics, namely, the dual system of specialized main transaction items, which were agricultural products for Gwangcheon and marine products for Ongam, was established through ‘the dual structure of the rural periodic market in Gwangcheon and the port market in Ongam.’