1920년대 ‘全北民衆運動者同盟’ 연구

A Study on Jeonbuk Alliance of People’s Social Movement in the 1920s

This thesis examines the facts of ‘Jeonbuk Alliance of People’s Social Movement’ which was established in North Jeolla Province, Korea. For this purpose, those following are investigated in this thesis-background and process of socialism influx into Jeonbuk area, actual circumstances of the establishment and activities of the Alliance, and disorganization and significance of the Alliance. Through korean students who had studied in Japan, the press and books, socialism was disseminated in the area. Of all these, it is thought that the korean students who had schooled in Japan such as Chulsoo Kim, Byungil Kim, and the intellectual class played an important mediator role for promoting the spread of socialism over North Jeolla Province. Socialist groups shaped in the area, had developed in close association with ‘Seoul group(서울파)’, one of the central Socialist factions. Since then, ‘Seoul group’ set up provincial-level ideological groups in order to systematically direct and launch socialist movements which had been previously driven by Seoul Group-relevant local socialist ideological and other activists groups such as labor, peasant and youth ones. In this process, ‘Jeonbuk Alliance of People’ Social Movement’ was established under the influence of socialists in Korea, including Chulsoo Kim, Ilhwan Jang and Jonghwan Lim. The Alliance was formed on September, 1924 with Jonghwan Lim as the central figure and consisted of about 70 members and three departments. The analysis of the members’ personal backgrounds and histories represents some characters of the Alliance that it was the first ideological group which was managed at provincial level and had a wide sphere of activities and influence from Jeonbuk area as the center even to South Chungcheong Province, Seoul and Tokyo. It was also found out that leaders acting in various movements and independence activists took part in the Alliance. Among members, many were from the ranks of intellectuals, possessing high educational backgrounds such as studying in Japan or attending in ‘the Manchuria Shinheung Military School(만주 신흥무관학교)’. Lastly, after the disorganization of the Alliance, the most of them appeared to actively participate in a lot of movements including ‘The Chosun Communist Party(조선공산당)’, ‘Shinganhoe(신간회)’, ‘The Reconstruction movement of the Chosun Communist Party(조선공산당 재건운동)’ As a provincially-working ideological group, ‘Jeonbuk Alliance of People’ Social Movement’ assumed roles of pursuing and implanting a course of policies about social movements in general. The Alliance also studied on and propagated socialist ideas, as well as organizing and directing various movement groups. The Alliance published its organ, Minjung Woondong(민중운동) and held lecture meetings and memorial services. Labor movements and agrarian disputes taken place in the area were also directed by the Alliance. In these ways, the Alliance in close relation with local people in North Jeolla Province conducted activities, accommodating regional features of social movements. The background of disorganizing ‘Jeonbuk Alliance of People’ Social Movement’ lay in internal movements for unifying socialist powers in the mid-1920s and the third reconstruction of the Chosun Communist Party. The members of the Alliance actively cooperated with groups that were trying to unify domestic socialist powers, including Chulsoo Kim, the key man in reconstructing the Communist Party, Kwangsoo Kim and Nakjung Ohn, two members of Il Wol Whoe(일월회), and Byungil Kim and Jungyun Lee from Alliance of Leninism(레닌주의동맹). The members of the Alliance were then naturally linked with the third Chosun Communist Party. Against this backdrop, the Alliance resolved to disorganize itself on March 28, 1927 in accordance with policies of Chosun Communist Party-disbandment of ideological groups, unification of socialist powers and national collaboration.