1930년대 조선총독부 殖産局의 구성과 공업화정책

The Production Increase Bureau in the Japanese Government General in Korea and Its Industrialization Policies in the 1930’s : About the Department of Commerce and Industry

This paper examines the characteristics of the Japanese industrialization policies in the 1930’s by analyzing the Production Increase Bureau (PIB: Siksankuk) in the Japanese Government General in Korea. The PIB was designed to implement Japan’s industrialization policies at large. In the 1930’s, especially after the Sino-Japanese War, the role of the PIB increased as such policies were implemented. Among the sub-organizations under the PIB, the Department of Commerce and Industry (DCI: Sanggongkwa) was in charge of carrying out commercial and industrial policies. This department was the core of Japan’s industrialization policy, whose role expanded as the importance of commerce and industry augmented. The majority of staffs of the PIB and DCI were those who had graduated from Tokyo University and had passed the Higher Civil Service Examination. They played an essential role in devising economic policies for industrialization. Even after retirement, they still remained active in Korean economy by occupying important positions in various economic organizations or becoming representatives at business organizations which were important for industrialization during wartime. As capitalists, they not only adopted and coordinated the Japanese economic policies, but also represented capitalist interests in the political arena by using their backgrounds as former governmental bureaucrats. The Government General’s industrialization policies, which were pushed forward by the PIB in the 1930’s, induced capital from Japan for the purpose of making Korea support Japanese industry inside the Japan-Korea-Manchuria economic bloc, and cultivated Manchuria as a new opportunity for international trade. Those who were in charge of the PIB and DCI were so interested in inducing Japanese capital in Korea that they strongly focused on resource development in Korea. Their major task was to advertise Korea’s potentials for further economic growth within the Japanese system of controlled economy. Therefore, the industrialization policies were implemented around the goal of production increase and protected the profitability of Japanese capitalists, who came to Korea in order to avoid the massive economic reconstruction in Japan. The industrialization policies led by the PIB were carried out mainly or capitalist - especially monopolistic capitalist - interestsunder the authority of the Japanese colonial system. Such economic structure became a viable model of the capitalist-centered and state-led industrialization for the state and capitalists after the Liberation and Division of Korea. Also, as the result of the advance of Japanese monopolistic capital in the 1930’s, Korean industry was almost taken over by the Japanese capital in the 1940’s, which caused deindustrialization after the Liberation.