만주 지역 한인 ‘安全農村’ 연구

A study about Manchuria Korean ‘Security Rural Community(安全農村)’ - Especially in Yingkou(營口)·Sanyuanpu(三源浦) area

1930 s Korean migration to Manchuria is a series of statistics. A typical instance is construction of ‘Security Rural Community’ and collective villages. The intention of Japanese imperialism was, the first, provision of inner-shock mitigation. There are many ways to explanation, but first of all, it was very important to solve the problems - supply of food and Korean emigrants because of the Manchurian Incident. Establishment of Manchuria country was a kind of litmus paper about Japanese imperialism’s advance to a continent. So they intended to reduce member’s opposition using ‘Concord of Five tribes五族協和’ as the spirit of the national foundation. However, not only Korean resistances but also Chinese were against that. The aim of ‘Security Rural Community’ was to relieve Korean emigrants in namely only, but the real aim was to control Korean who had used advanced a paddy field agricultural method and to supply food continually. The second intention of Japanese imperialism was maintenance of the public order. After foundation Manchuria country, the government suppressed Korean resistances by the public security policy. To found and reign Manchuria, the public order was very important factor, so there was strict public security enforcement. And ‘Security Rural Community’ and collective villages was base of agricultural Manchuria. Even if Japanese imperialism asserted their good intention as to guard Korean emigrants but they used ‘Security Rural Community’ as the public security policy. The third intention of Japanese imperialism was to realize ‘concord’. The concord was basement of the kingship Manchuria, so it was needed some organization to control an ethnic feud. Construction of ‘Security Rural Community’ was basement of the ‘concord’. Japanese imperialism found the reason of discord from conflict between Korean emigrants (especially tenants) and Chinese. They thought the conflict for land was harmful to concord, so they needed some provision and system to prevent the conflict. In other words, Japanese imperialism thought collective and forced Korean community would iron out serious ethnic economic problems naturally, for example, irrigation canals, farm rent, and so on. Because of this judgment, Japanese government officials could be problem in the conflict between Korean emigrants and Chinese. Thus Japanese imperialism tried to establish the concord in the discord realities. Security Rural Community was a peculiar organism in Manchuria area, to Korean emigrants, however, it was existence to itself. Japanese imperialism established Security Rural Community for public security and administration to crack down resistance, this set forth concord as nationalism.