The photosynthetic characteristics of three Ligularia species, L. fischeri, L. fischeri var. spiciformis and L.stenocephala under-tree cultivated in Dunnae-myeon, Hoengsung-gun were measured and compared. Total mean photosynthetic rate increased with increasing the light intensity up to 2,000 PPFD. Mean photosynthetic rate of L. fischeri increased to maximum value of 21.1 μmol CO2 m-2s-1 with increasing the light intensity up to 1,600 PPFD, but it was decreased at 2,000 PPFD. The highest photosynthetic rate was shown in L. fischeri var. spiciformis, followed by L. fischeri, and L. stenocephala. was the highest 27.39 μmol CO2 m-2s-1 among three species, followed by that of The differences in photosynthetic rates were significantly different among the species each measuring date. L. fischeri var. spiciformis was more adaptive species at the low elevated under-tree cultivated sites, such as, Sanchemaeul Dunnae-myeon Hoeyngseung-gun than L. fischeri and L. stenocephala.
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