무역서류의 전자화에 따른 법제도적 과제

A Study on the Legal Issues Involved Digitalization of Trade Documents - Focusing on the Electronic Promissory Note Act -

전통적으로 중앙 집중식 운영 모델에서는 무역 금융과 거래자가 비즈니스 프로세스를 처리하는 방식을 관리했다. 그러나 분산원장기술(DLT)로서 블록체인은 점점 더 주목을 받고 있으며 신용장(L/C)으로 지불하는 것과 같은 기존 금융절차를 붕괴시킬 가능성이 있다. 국제무역 행위자는 블록체인 및 스마트계약 기반 플랫폼의 구현을 통해 금융 프로세스의 기술 리엔지니어링의 이점을 누릴 수 있다. 한편 전자 환어음의 사용은 문서화 절차를 간소화함으로써 매도인과 매수인 모두에게 혜택을 제공한다. 그러나 우리나라의 전자어음법에 따르면 전자어음의 발행이 불가능하게 되어 있다. 전자환어음과 관련하여 위 법의 법적 쟁점과 개정 방향을 검토할 필요가 있을 것이다.

Purpose : This study aims to analyze the legal and institutional issues involved digitalization of trade documents considering how they are linked to the Electronic Promissory Note Act. Research design, data, methodology : Electronic trade documents were examined through a literature review of academic papers, and internet data were analyzed. Results : Traditionally, the centralized operating model has governed trade finance and the manner in which traders handle business processes. However, blockchain, as a distributed ledger technology (DLT), has attracted growing attention and has the potential to disrupt legacy finance procedures such as payment by letter of credit (L/C). Conclusions : International trade players may benefit from the technological reengineering of financial processes through the implementation of blockchain- and smart contract-based platforms. In other words, the use of the electronic bill of exchange can be beneficial to both sellers and buyers in streamlining the documentation process. However, under the Electronic Promissory Note Act, it is impossible to issue electronic bills of exchange in Korea. This study reviews the legal issues arising from the above Act and suggests directions for the revision of the Act focusing on electronic bills of exchange.