취업취약계층의 취업장애요인 유형 분류에 관한 연구: 취업성공패키지 참여자를 중심으로

A Study on Classifying Types of Obstacles in Finding Jobs for Those Who Are Disadvantageous in Finding Jobs: Focusing on Participants in Job-Finding Success Package

본 연구는 취업취약계층의 취업장애요인 및 유형, 취업요인별 중요도-준비도, 필요한 취업지원서비스 및 지원기관, 좋은 일자리 기준 등 취업취약계층의 구직활동 인식을 기반으로 취업장애요인해소를 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 연구방법은 총 2주간(2019년 9월 17일~ 9월30일) 전국 고용복지+센터 방문한 취업취약계층 총 427명을 대상으로 설문조사 및 취업성공패키지 참여자 8명을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 면접을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취업취약계층의 취업장애요인은 취업관련 요인으로 경력과 연령이 가장 높은 분포로 나타났고 불확실한 취업목표, 자녀양육 ․ 교육, 구인수요 부족 등의 순위로 분석되었다. 둘째, 취업적 요인은 능력향상지원 유형, 심리적 요인은 정서지원 유형, 환경 내·외부 요인은 연계지원 유형으로 분류하였다. 셋째, 취업취약계층의 구직활동 인식은 취업요인별 중요도와 준비도 분석 결과, 중점관심 영역에 경력, 구직기술, 채용정보 요인, 현상유지 영역은 건강, 구직의욕, 확실한 취업목표 요인으로 나타났다. 넷째, 구직활동 어려움 해소를 위해 필요한 취업지원서비스는 직업상담(62%)과 필요 기관은 일자리센터(29.1%)가 가장 높은 분포로 나타났다. 다섯째, 취업취약계층의 좋은 일자리 기준은 근로소득 12.7%, 근로 시간 12%, 고용안정성 10.4%, 출퇴근 거리 10.2%, 적성·흥미 10.1% 등의 순으로 분석되었다. 취업취약계층의 취업장애요인 해소를 위해서 대상별 특성에 부합하는 맞춤형 프로그램, 상담 인력의 전문적 역량과 고용-복지의 체계적 지원을 통해 개별 사례 관리 등의 통합적 관리가 필요하다. 결과적으로 취업취약계층의 취업효능감을 증진시키고 취업취약계층의 일자리 매칭 개선을 통해 더 나은 일자리로 이행할 수 있는 통합적 고용서비스 제공에 필요한 정책을 제시하는데 그 의의가 있다.

This study intends to analyze the kinds of obstacles in finding jobs among the group of people who are disadvantageous in finding jobs. To achieve the research aims, this study conducted a survey to such a group of people on obstacles in finding jobs, importance and preparedness per element of finding jobs, and perception on finding job activities such as job-finding support, supporting organizations, and standards on good jobs, etc. The survey was done to 427 job-seekers who visited employment welfare centers across the country for two weeks from September 17 to September 30, 2019. Then, to figure out obstacles in finding jobs, support services, and satisfaction with consultation, it also conducted the 2-session interviews to a focus group of 8 persons who resided in Seoul metropolitan city, and belonged to the group disadvantageous in finding jobs. The data analysis showed the followings. First, obstacles in finding jobs in the group disadvantageous to find jobs can be classified into three types in the order of frequencies: ability improvement type as job-finding element; emotional support type as psychological element; link support type as external element within environment. Second, analysis of importance and preparedness per job-finding showed that career, skills for jobs, and recruitment information were included in the domain of major interests; health, willing to find jobs, and clear job goals were included in the status maintenance domain; the ability to make decisions, human relations were included in the exceeding achievement domain; schooling, licenses, jobs, and information on firms were included in the step-by-step improvement domain. Third, For job-finding support service to solve the difficulty in finding jobs, the proportions were as follows: job consultation 62%, the highest, followed by job psychological test 21.5%, psychological consultation 15.2%, and others 1.3%. Forth, as the organization which can solve obstacles in finding jobs, the highest proportion (29.1%) of them pointed out Iljari [Workplace] Center, As external organizations, the largest proportion of them (46.1%) chose the organizations related with business starting including support for small business owners, loans, support for start-ups, followed by those who chose adolescent support center (29.4%). Fifth, the proportions of the respondents who favored each of the criteria of good jobs were as follows: work compensation 12.7%, working hours 12%, job security 10.4%, distance of the workplace from home 10.2%, and fitting to one s aptitude 10.1%. The findings shows that to solve obstacles in job-finding for those who are disadvantageous in finding jobs, it is important to provide them with customized programs to them, improvement of professional capabilities of consultants, systematic support of employment-welfare, and integrative management. Such things will improve job-finding efficacy of them, and encourage them to make efforts to overcome obstacles. This study can be meaningful in the sense that it can contribute to policies necessary to do job-matching of those who are disadvantageous in finding jobs and to give comprehensive employment service to spur them to find better jobs.