汉韩反诘语气副词二语习得比较

A Comparison on Chinese and Korean Interrogative Adverbs in Foreign Language Acquisition : Taking Chinese and Korean Students for Example

反诘语气副词在汉韩两种语言中都是比较特殊的一类，句法位置灵活，语义虚灵，因此是对外汉语教学和韩国语教学的难点之一。本文以中韩两国学生为考察对象，对其在使用汉韩反诘语气副词情况进行了问卷调查，并从句法和语义两个角度考察了汉韩反诘语气副词的偏误情况。句法分布偏误有句首错序偏误和句中错序偏误，句法组合偏误有语气词错用偏误和助动词错用偏误，语义偏误有反诘义理解偏误和现实与非现实义理解偏误。其中句法组合的偏误率最高，这是因为汉韩两种语言的差异在反诘语气副词组合特征上体现得最多，学生受到母语的影响产生诸多的偏误，这部分是汉韩反诘语气副词教学的重点和难点，对偏误率高的个别反诘语气副词需要进行针对性教学。

Rhetorical modal adverbs are a special kind in both Chinese and Korean languages. They have flexible syntactic positions and empty sematic meanings. Therefore, they are one of the difficulties in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and Korean language. Taking Chinese and Korean students as the research object, this paper makes a questionnaire survey on the use of Chinese and Korean rhetorical modal adverbs, and analyses the errors of Chinese and Korean rhetorical modal adverbs from the perspective of syntax and semantics. The syntactic distribution errors include the wrong ordering at the beginning and middle of the sentence. The syntactic combination errors include the misuse of modal particles and auxiliary verbs. The semantic errors include the misunderstanding of rhetorical meaning and the misunderstanding of realistic and non-realistic meaning. Among these, the error rate of syntactic combination is the highest. This is because the differences between Chinese and Korean are reflected most in the combination characteristics of rhetorical modal adverbs. Students are influenced by their mother tongue and have many errors. This part is the key and difficult point in the teaching of rhetorical modal adverbs. It is necessary to carry out targeted teaching for individual rhetorical modal adverbs with high error rate.