Phenolic Compounds Production, Enhancement and Its Antioxidant Activity of Blue Berry Powder with Bacillus subtilis Light Mediated Fermentation Compounds

Phenolic Compounds Production, Enhancement and Its Antioxidant Activity of Blue Berry Powder with Bacillus subtilis Light Mediated Fermentation Compounds

Trichoderma species are a rich source of metabolites, but less known for biomedical potential. This work deals with antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of intracellular non-cytotoxic metabolites, extracted from Trichoderma atroviride (KNUP001). A total of 53 fractions was collected by column chromatography and tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Only one fraction (F41) was found to be non-toxic to Vero cells with <TEX>$95.4{\pm}0.61%$</TEX> of survival. The F41 was then subjected to chemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant assays. The F41 at <TEX>$500{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$</TEX> showed the total antioxidant of <TEX>$48.70{\pm}2.90%$</TEX>, DPPH radical scavenging activity of <TEX>$37.25{\pm}2.25$</TEX>, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of <TEX>$54.55{\pm}1.95$</TEX> and <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX> radical scavenging activity of <TEX>$43.75{\pm}3.21$</TEX>. The F41 at <TEX>$25{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$</TEX> displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli (<TEX>$14.25{\pm}0.2mm$</TEX>), P. mirabilis (<TEX>$10.4{\pm}0.6mm$</TEX>), S. dysenteriae (<TEX>$18.6{\pm}03mm$</TEX>), S. paratyphi A (<TEX>$14.1{\pm}1.1mm$</TEX>), E. aerogenes (<TEX>$5.6{\pm}0.4mm$</TEX>) and S. marcescens (<TEX>$14.25{\pm}0.2mm$</TEX>). GC-MS analysis revealed the dominant presence of oleic acid C 18.1 (63.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.17%), and ethyl oleate (4.93%) and potent molecules such as 8-[(2E)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (1Z)-N-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethanimidothioate, Fluorene in the F41, and virtual study revealed that these molecules are likely responsible for the antibacterial activities of F41. Hence, further investigation deserves on purification and characterization of the active metabolites from T. atroviride strain KNUP001 towards developing molecular leads to effective antibacterial drugs, and non-toxic to host cells.