古文獻을 통한 梁山 城隍祠의 位置와 祠神 比定

<A Comparative Confirmation of the position of Sunghwang-sa, Yangsan and of Its Tutelary Deity Reviewing Ancient Literatures>

이 논문은 梁山 城隍祠의 위치와 각종 고문헌에 사신으로 기록되어 있는 김인훈에 대해 살펴본 것이다. 『新增東國輿地勝覽』을 비롯한 각종 인문지리지, 양산군수를 지낸 權萬과 李晩燾등의 詩文, 그리고 梁山의 古地圖 등이 본고의 주된 논거가 되었다. 본고에서는 성황사와 관련된 기존의 논의에서 소홀히 되어온 &#21426;祭壇 관련 기록을 함께 살펴보았고, 고문헌의 기록과 고지도에 표시된 위치를 비교 검토하였다. 그리고 궁예가 摩震 개국 후 城隍의 수리를 관장하는 障繕府를 설치한 것이 『삼국사기』에 실려 있는 것을 확인함으로써, 성황사상의 전래시기를 고려 성종대에서 후삼국시대로 앞당겨야 함을 밝혔다. 이는 양산 성황사 사신과 밀접한 관련이 있기도 하다. 근년에 양산 성황사와 관련된 良州帥의 良州가 경기도 楊州의 오기였을 가능성까지 제기된 바 있지만, 본고에서는 후삼국의 세력권 변동 기록에 의거해서 良州帥의 良州는 현재의 梁山임을 논증하였다. 『신증동국여지승람』 所載 양산 성황사조에는 祠神 사항이 별도로 수록되어 있다. 이는 &#65378;祠廟&#65379;가 아닌 &#65378;人物&#65379;에서 祠神을 다룬 것을 포함하더라도 7,8곳에 불과한 특이한 사례이다. 양산은 城隍山을 鎭山으로 삼고 있을 뿐 아니라, 城隍山城을 고을의 外城으로 하고 있다. 이는 왜구의 침탈과 하천의 범람이 빈번했던 양산의 지리적 특징으로 인한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이 두 가지 특징이 양산 성황사의 위치와 사신을 비정함에 있어 중요한 단서가 될 것으로 보고, 이를 비중 있게 다루었다.

This study is on the position of Yangsan Tutelary Shrine, that is, Sunghwang-sa, Yangsan, and on Kim Inhoon recorded as its tutelary deity in different ancient literatures. The main bases of this study were supported by several human geographical records such as Shinjung Dongkuk Yeoji Seungram, that is, Chosun’s Newly Augumented Human Geographical Records, by literary works written by Kwon Man and Yi Mando, who served as governors of Yangsan, by an old regiional map of Yangsan and so on. Through Samgooksagi, that is, a historical book of the Three Kingdoms, Jansungbu in charge of repairing Sunghwang was confirmed to be installed after Gookye’s founding Majin Dynasty. Therefore, the Sunghwang idiology should be estimated to be transmitted in the Later Three Kingdoms Era, that is, long before the Moonjong Era of Goryeo Dynasty. This origin was also closely related to the tutelary deity of Sunghwangsa in Yangsan. This study examined the position of Sunghwang-sa comparing the records of ancient literatures and the spot marked on an old map, along with dealing with records about Yeoje-dan, that is, a praying altar for calming down plagues, which had not received proper attention in previous researches. A possibility was recently suggested that Yang-ju, Kyunggi-do was miswritten as Yang-ju in the record of Yangju-soo, that is, the govenor of Yang-ju, related with Sunghwang-sa, Yangsan. However, this study demonstrated that Yang-ju in the record of Yangju-soo was the present Yangsan on the basis of power change records of the Post Three Kingdoms. In the section of Sunghwang-sa, Yangsan in Shinjung Dongkuk Yeoji Seungram, the tutelary deity was separately mentioned. It was a peculiar case, considering the facts that tutelary deities were mentioned in only seven or eight literatures including the discussion of tutelary deities in the section of ‘People’ not in the section of ‘Ancestral Shrines’ Yangsan has Sunghwang-san as a guardian mount, and Sunghwangsansung, that is, Sunghwang Fortress Wall as a outer wall in addition. This was due to the geographical characteristics of Yangsan, which was frequently under Japanese invasions and floodings from a local streams. This study highlighted these two characteristics as they could be an important clue in confirming comparatively the position of Sunghwang-sa, Yangsan and its tutelary deity.