楫取魚彦の『古言梯』の編集意識について

About Nahiko Katori’s Awareness of Editing Kogentei : Paying Attention to the Arrangement of the Words in the Material

本稿は楫取魚彦の『古言梯』について考察したものである｡『古言梯』は古典仮名遣い(いわゆる歴史的仮名遣い)を普及した資料で､仮名遣いの歴史を論じる際に必ず言及されるほどの資料であるが､資料の内容に注目した研究は少ない｡そこで本稿では『古言梯』の収録語の配列と､それに関わる『新撰字鏡』との関係に注目した｡ 『古言梯』の収録語が五十音順と仮名数順で並んでいることは知られている｡しかし､緩やかではあるが意味によっても配列されていることが稿者の調査でわかった｡『和名類聚抄』と対照して調査した結果､全体的に｢天￫人￫動物￫植物￫食べ物￫地面￫道具￫動詞·形容詞など￫官職名·地名｣の順番で収録されていることが指摘できる｡また､この順番から｢より高所からより低所｣｢生物から無生物へ｣という傾向が読み取れる｡ただ､五十音順と仮名数順ほど厳密に施されておらず､場合によって順番が異なる｡ 『古言梯』における意義分類を見ると｢天｣と｢地面｣の分類に属する語が距離を離れて示されているが､これは当時として稀なことだった｡一方､魚彦が『古言梯』を著す際に参考にした『新撰字鏡』では｢天｣と｢地面｣の語が離れて収録されている｡おそらく『古言梯』における意義分類は『新撰字鏡』からの影響であると考えられる｡

This paper examines Kogentei by Nahiko Katori. Kogentei is a material that spread historical Kana orthography in Japan, and although it is so often mentioned when discussing the historical Kana orthography, few studies have focused on the content of this material. Therefore, this paper paid attention to the relationship between the arrangement of the words contained in Kogentei and the related Shinsen Jikyo. It is known that the words in Kogentei are arranged in the order of Gojuon and the length of the word. However, it is discovered that the words in Kogentei were somewhat arranged according to their meaning. After the investigation in contrast to Wamyoruijusho, it can be pointed out that the order is “Heaven￫Man￫Animals￫Plants￫Food￫Ground￫Tools￫Grammar language(such as verbs, adjectives)￫Government post, Place name.” in general. Also, from this order, the tendency to “from a higher place to a lower place” and “from an organism to an inanimate object” can be read. However, this order is not as strict as the order of Gojuon and the length of the word, and different depending on the situation. Looking at the semantic classification in Kogentei, the words belonging to the classification of ‘heaven’ and ‘ground’ are shown at a distance, which was rare at that time. On the other hand, in Shinsen Jikyo, which Nahiko referred to when writing Kogentei, the words belonging to the classification of ‘heaven’ and ‘ground’ are recorded separately. Perhaps the semantic classification in Kogentei was influenced by Shinsen Jikyo.