자기효능감이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 기업가정신과 실패두려움의 이중매개효과 및 창업교육의 조절효과

A Study on the Influence of Self-Efficacy on Startup Intention: Double Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurship and Fear of Failure, and Moderating Effect of Startup Education

최근 경기침체의 장기화와 청년실업, 조기은퇴, 고령화, COVID-19 팬데믹 등의 사회적 이슈가 겹치는 상황과 취업과 정년이 보장되지 않는 현 시점에서 창업에 대한 관심과 필요성이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 창업의도에 영향을 미치는 심리적 요인인 자기효능감과 실패두려움, 기업가정신을 향상시킬 수 있는 창업교육의 효과에 대하여 검증하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 자기효능감은 기업가정신에는 정(+)의 영향을, 실패두려움에는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업가정신과 실패두려움은 자기효능감과 창업의도 간의 관계에서 이중매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉 자기효능감은 기업가정신에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 기업가정신은 실패두려움에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고, 실패두려움은 창업의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 이는 본 연구만의 새로운 기여점이라 생각된다. 셋째, 창업교육은 실패두려움이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 감소시키는 조절효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 장기적인 창업 활성화를 위해서 창업실패두려움에 대한 불안감을 감소시키기 위한 기업가정신 및 창업에 대한 교육을 학령기부터 60대까지 확대 강화할 필요성과 실패 후 재도전 지원 강화 등의 역동적 창업 생태계 조성의 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.

The necessity of starting a business is being raised at this point in which social issues such as prolonged economic recession and youth unemployment, baby boomers retirement, aging society, covid-19 pandemic, and real estate price rise are overlapping and employment and retirement age are not guaranteed. This study attempts to verify the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education that can improve entrepreneurship, fear of failure, and self-efficacy, which are psychological factors affecting entrepreneurial intention. A total of 541 pieces of data were used, excluding omissions, out of a total of 588 questionnaires for online sending and message requests to prospective entrepreneurs who are considering starting a business. As an analysis tool, using the structural equation (AMOS) and the PROCESS of Hayes (2018), with 5,000 bootstrapping and 95% confidence interval, the mediating effect of entrepreneurship and fear of failure and the double mediating effect on the effect between self-efficacy and entrepreneurship intention. I tried to study the effect. As a result of analysis, first, it was found that self-efficacy had positive (+) effects on entrepreneurship and negative (-) effects on fear of failure. Second, it was confirmed that entrepreneurship and fear of failure were double mediated in the relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. In other words, self-efficacy had a positive (+) effect on entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial spirit had a negative (-) effect on fear of failure, and the fear of failure had a negative (-) effect on entrepreneurship intention. This is considered a new contribution point only for this study. Third, it was confirmed that entrepreneurship education has a moderating effect that reduces the effect of fear of failure on entrepreneurship intention. This study implies the necessity of expanding and strengthening entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education to reduce anxiety about the fear of startup failure in order to revitalize startups in the long term, and the need to create a dynamic startup ecosystem such as strengthening support for re-challenge after failure. do.