호주 이민정책의 변동과정 및 정책지향 분석

An Analysis of the Changing Process and Orientation of Immigration Policies in Australia: Applied Punctuation Equilibrium Theory

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changing processes and its specific policy orientation of immigration policies from 1945 to 2012 in Australia, which is one of the traditional immigration nations. In order to analyze of changes in immigration policy, this paper utilized Jones & Baumgartner(2005)’s punctuation equilibrium theory. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Australian immigration policy can be categorized into four types as follows: assimilation policy(1945∼1973), non-discrimination policy(1973∼1978), multicultural policy(1978∼2001), and citizenship and integration policy(2001∼2012). Second, refugee situations in Southeast Asia and threat of terrorists such as 9/11 terror strongly influence the change of immigration policy in Australia as an environmental pushing factor. Third, the enactment of immigration laws such as Racial Discrimination Act(1975) and Australian Citizenship Act(2007) was essential factor to change immigration policy radically and fundamentally. Finally, it is resulted that Australian immigration policies was affected by several factors like environmental factors, core pushing factors, and policy orientations, and that the type of punctuation (degree of policy change) shows a certain cycle patten from low-salience punctation to high-salience punctuation and from high-salience punctuation to low-salience.