재난관리 행정조직구조에 관한 비교연구

Organizational Structure in the Field of Disaster Management: Pressed Type or Pursed Type?

This study explores organizational features of the disaster management in order to improve a government’s competitiveness. From the theoretical point of view, the study emphasizes the necessity of considering temporal dimension. Based on theoretical framework, cases of the United States and French Republic were examined. The findings indicate that the United States, as a federal system, is close to pressed type, while French Republic, as a centralized and unitary government, is close to the pursed type fitting well French political system. In the United States, the local governments take the primary responsibility on disaster management rather than the federal government. In France, the prefects play key role when a disaster happens. Flexible and timely response in the disaster site appears to be important in both types. The question whether pressed type or pursed type will depend on real operation of rescue on occasion of disaster, which will be affected by the country’s political institution and culture.