중국의 국가공무원제도 개혁

The Reform of Civil Service System in China - The Performance and Limits of Enacting <the Civil Service Act> of 2005

The Chinese state bureaucracy traditionally called state cadre system, was very inflexible and lack of diversity, so from the beginning of reform and openness policy it has been needed to reform that system. The introduction of civil service system in China can be classified into three stages: firstly the stage of preparing for introduction from 1984, secondly the stage of full-scale enforcement based on <the Provisional Regulations of State Civil Service> of 1993, and thirdly the stage of reinforcement based on <the Civil Service Act> of 2005. On the ground of enacting <the Civil Service Act>, this study firstly examined its historical background and implications, and then comparatively reviewed the principal characteristics with reference to the basic principles of civil service system and the range of civil servants. And for the estimate about the main contents of <the Civil Service Act>, this study examined the institutional requisites, revealed the disputed points, and compared with <the Provisional Regulations> with regard to position classification, circulation mechanism, incentive mechanism and supervision mechanism. Although, according to the enactment of <the Civil Service Act>, the civil service system in China is entering its new stage of reinforcement, it strongly reflects its inherent characteristics in its institutional aspects, and as yet there are lots of reform agendas which are needed to solve.