1957년 경찰 ‘과제교양’의 사례 연구

A Case Study on the 1957 Police Task Education- Practice Diary of a Police Officer at the UiRyeong PoliceStation

해방 후 미군정이 실시되면서부터 ‘경찰교양’은 일제강점기 때 형성된 경찰의부정적인 이미지를 불식시키기 위하여 경찰기관별로 꾸준히 추진되어 왔다. 그러던중 1952년 8월 경찰관의 전반적인 직무수행 능력을 향상시키는 ‘자체교육’이라는새로운 의미로 ‘경찰교양’이 시행되었으나 당시 전 경찰력이 빨치산 진압작전에집중되었기 때문에 크게 활성화되지는 못하였다. 그럼에도 강행된 여러 ‘경찰교양’이 있었는데 그 중 ‘과제교양’이 가장 많았다. 사례로 의령경찰서의 한 경찰관이 작성한 『교양수부』를 보면 학과 과목인 훈육, 형법, 형사소송법에 관한 내용이 많았으며, 교양자료는 대부분 경찰잡지였다. 반대로실무에 있어서는 ‘보안’ 업무가 대부분을 이루고 있었다. 다만 보통학에는 국사와상식, 술과에는 조련·점검·예식과 포승술 교양을 받았으나 자동차 조련, 어학 등에관한 교육은 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 사실 경찰교양제도가 얼마만큼 성과를 거두었는지에 관해서는 공간사에서 구체적인 기록을 찾기 힘들다. 다만 당시 경찰관들의 구술로 볼 때, 경찰 당국이 지시일변도로 추진하여 그들이 과중한 업무를 하면서 강제적으로 이행하여야 했고, 교양평가 점수로 인한 심적인 부담감이 크기도 했겠으나 그럼에도 전반적으로 실무능력을 향상하는데 도움이 되었다고 추정된다. 하지만 이와 같은 성과가 실제로 지역사회와 경찰활동 간에 긍정적인 효과를 주었는지 아니면 부정적인 영향을 주었는가는별도로 연구되어야 한다.

Since the US military government was implemented after liberation, “Police Education” has been steadily promoted by police agencies to dispel the negative image of the police formed during Japanese colonial era. Meanwhile, in August 1952, when the police culture system was unified, a new police culture system was implemented, but it was not very active because the former police force was concentrated in the crackdown on the partisan under the wartime police system. Nevertheless, there were many cultures that were enforced, of which “Task Training” was the most common. As an example, Practice Workbook, which was prepared by a police officer at the UiRyeong Police Station, shows that there was a lot of culture related to discipline, criminal law, and criminal procedure law, which are subjects of the department. On the contrary, most of the “security” tasks were achieved in practice, but ordinary science received training, inspection, ceremony, and martial arts education in the department of alcohol, but there was no training in cars and languages. In fact, it is hard to find specific records in spatial history as to how much the police culture system has achieved. This means that there is no result. However, based on the dictates of the police officers at the time, the police authorities had to carry out heavy duties and forcefully carry out them, and the overall burden of the cultural evaluation score must have been great, but it is assumed that it helped improve the police officer’s practical skills. However, whether these achievements actually had a positive effect or a negative impact on the community and police activities should be studied separately.