근대일본의 노동자와 농민의 공동재산으로서의 무산자탁아소

Proletarian Daycare Centers as the Common Property of Laborers and Farmers in Modern Japan

This paper examines the establishment and development of proletarian daycare centers that appeared in Japan in the early 1930s, focusing on the relationship between emerging Sinkyo Education Research Institute and the Japanese Labor and Agriculture Relief Association. The purpose of this paper is to clarify that the spirit of proletarian daycare centers was transmitted to the postwar childcare movement, which is the common property of laborers and farmers. Proletarian daycare centers were established in the early 1930s on the Tokyo laborers’ streets of Kameido, Ebara, and Azuma for approximately two years. Unlike the conventional daycare centers established for poverty relief, the proletarian daycare centers were the result of the first childcare movement in Japan, which was operated by laborers for laborers. After the Great Depression of 1929, for laborers who were in a survival crisis, the proletarian daycare centers were indispensable. The Japanese government’s oppression and continued arrest of childcare workers eventually resulted in the collapse of three proletarian daycare centers in 1934. However, the transverse movement and solidarity within the local community, which was exhibited by the proletarian daycare centers, existed as the common property of laborers and farmers. Above all, the human network of people who worked for the proletarian daycare centers and their childcare spirit were both transmitted to such childcare movements as the Democratic Childcare Federation in Japan postwar.