플라스틱류의 화재 위험성 등급 평가

Rating Evaluation of Fire Risk Associated with Plastics

본 연구에서는 유리섬유강화플라스틱(glass fiber reinforced plastic, GFRP), 폴리스티렌(polystyrene, PS), 폴리카보네이트(polycarbonate, PC), 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene, PP), 폴리염화비닐(polyvinyl chloride, PVC)를 선정하여 ISO 5660-1의 기준에 따라 콘칼로리미터(cone calorimeter)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 측정된 값으로 Chung’s equations-Ⅱ에 의한 화재 위험성을 예측하고자 하였고, 이를 확장하여 화재 시 화재 위험성 평가를 표준화하기 위하여 기준물질(PMMA)을 사용하여 새로운 Chung s equations-Ⅲ와 Chung s equation-Ⅳ에 의한 화재 위험성을 등급화하여 평가하였다. Chung s equations-Ⅱ의 FPI-Ⅱ 값은 PVC가 32.04 s2/kW로 화재성능지수-Ⅱ가 가장 높았고, PS가 0.07 s2/kW로 화재성능지수-Ⅱ가 가장 낮았다. FGI-Ⅱ 값은 PVC가 0.09 kW/s2로 화재성장지수-Ⅱ가 가장 낮았고, PS가 3.41 kW/s2로 화재성장지수-Ⅱ가 가장 높았다. Chung s equations-Ⅲ의 FPI-Ⅲ에서 PS가 0.2로 화재성능지수-Ⅲ가 가장 낮게 나타났고, PVC가 89로 화재성능지수-Ⅲ가 가장 높았다. FGI-Ⅲ에서는 PS가 20.1로 화재성장지수-Ⅲ가 가장 높게 나타났고, PVC는 0.5로 가장 안전한 물질로 판단하였다. 그리고 Chung’s equation-Ⅳ의 FRI-Ⅳ는 PS (100.5) ≫ PP (2.43) > PC (1.12) > PMMA (1.0) > FRP (0.19) > PVC (0.01)의 순서로 나타났다. 따라서 PVC가 화재 위험성이 가장 낮고, PS가 가장 높은 것으로 판단하였다.

In this study, plastics such as glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were selected, and the fire risk associated with them was investigated using a cone calorimeter, as per ISO 5660-1. These values were measured to comprehensively predict the fire risk by Chung’s equations- Ⅱ. Standard materials (PMMA) were used to standardize the fire hazard assessment, and the fire risk was classified and evaluated by new Chung’s equations-III and Chung’s equation-IV. The fire performance index-II of Chung’s equations-Ⅱ showed that PVC had the highest FPI-II of 32.04 s2/kW, whereas PS had the lowest FPI-Ⅱ of 0.07 s2/kW. From the viewpoint of FGI-Ⅱ, the lowest fire growth index-Ⅱ was 0.09 kW/s2 for PVC, and the highest fire growth index-Ⅱ for PS was 3.41 kW/s2. The FPI-Ⅲ of Chung’s equations-Ⅲ had the lowest fire performance index-Ⅲ for PS (0.02) and highest fire performance index-Ⅲ for PVC (89). The FGI-Ⅲ had the highest fire growth index-Ⅲ of 20.1, and PS and PVC were found to be the safest materials with an FGI of 0.5. The FRI-Ⅳ of Chung’s equation-Ⅳ was in the following order: PS (100.5) ≫ PP (2.43) > PC (1.12) > PMMA (1.0) > FRP (0.19) > PVC (0.01). Therefore, it was concluded that the fire risk associated with PVC is lowest, whereas that associated with PS is highest.