변산반도국립공원 고사포·하섬 연안습지의 탐방객이 조류에 미치는 영향

Effects of Visitors on Distribution of Birds in Gosapo, Haseom Coastal Wetlands of Byeonsanbando National Park

본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2013년 6월까지 새만금방조제 축조에 따른 고사포·하섬 연안습지의 조류의 분포와 탐방객수의 유연관계를 파악하여 연안습지의 보호·관리방안을 마련하기 위해 실시한 것이다. 하섬에서 확인된 조류는 총 17종 2,903개체로 최우점종은 괭이갈매기가 1,684개체(58.0%)로 가장 많이 확인되었고 다음으로 재갈매기 650개체(22.4%), 검은머리물떼새 213개체(7.3%), 한국재갈매기 80개체(2.8%) 및 줄무늬노랑발갈매기 69개체(2.4%) 순이었다. 고사포에서 확인된 조류는 총 15종 1,336개체로 최우점종은 괭이갈매기가 889개체(66.5%)로 가장 많이 확인되었고 다음으로 재갈매기 213개체(16.0%), 줄무늬노랑발갈매기 82개체(6.1%), 한국재갈매기 53개체(4.0%) 및 검은머리물떼새 42개체(3.1%) 순이었다. 하섬과 고사포에서 확인된 멸종위기종은 검은머리물떼새와 노랑부리백로였으며 노랑부리백로는 고사포에서만 확인되었다. 검은머리물떼새는 하섬에서 주로 관찰되었으며 번식기간인 4월에서 6월까지는 개체수가 감소하다 번식기 이후에는 개체수가 증가하였다. 탐방객이 150명 전후가 되면 조류의 서식에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 서식지 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

This study was conducted to prepare protection and management plans for coastal wetlands by identifying the relationship between the distribution of birds and the number of visitors in Gosapo, Haseom coastal wetlands after the construction of the Saemangeum breakwater from January 2012 to June 2013. Birds confirmed in Haseom totaled 17 species comprised of 2,903 individuals. The most dominant species was confirmed to be Black-tailed Gulls, which totaled 1,684 individuals (58.01%); and this was followed by Vega Gulls (Larus vegae) composed of 650 individuals (22.39%) and then in the order of Oystercatchers composed of 213 individuals (7.34%), Korean Vega Gulls (Larus cachinnans) composed of 80 individuals (2.76%), and Heuglin°Øs Gulls (Larus heuglini) composed of 69 individuals (2.38%). Birds confirmed in Gosapo totaled 15 species comprised of 1,336 individuals, and the most dominant species was confirmed to be Black-tailed Gulls composed of 889 individuals (66.54%). This was followed by Vega Gulls composed of 213 individuals (15.94%), Heuglin s Gulls composed of 82 individuals (6.14%), and Korean Vega Gulls composed of 53 individuals (3.97%), and Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) composed of 42 individuals (3.14%). Endangered species which were confirmed in Haseom and Gosapo were observed to be Oystercatchers and Chinese egrets (Egretta europhotes), and Chinese egrets were confirmed only in Gosapo. Oystercatchers were mainly observed in Haseom, and the number of individuals decreased during the breeding season from April to June, it increased again after the breeding season. In case the number of visitors is around 150, it may affect the inhabitation of birds, and it would be necessary to prepare the management plans for their habitat.