Phytochemical Screening, Isolation, Characterization of Bioactive and Biological Activity of Bungkang, (Syzygium polyanthum) Root-bark Essential Oil

Bungkang (Syzygium polyanthum) is a medium to tall plant which produces medicinal root-bark, the plant is normally found along inland river bank and produces small white flowers and fruits. Essential oils are among the most interesting components of the plant extracts consisting mostly of monoterpenoid or sesquiterpenoids. They are used as therapeutic agents in ethno, conventional, and complementary alternative medicines. Investigation and evaluation of the essential oil of Syzygium polyanthum as well as the antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal activity was ascertained. The experiment was performed. 100 chemical constituents were obtained and two pure compound was isolated as Eugenol (1) and Farnesol (2). Significant growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, (ATCC© 25923) Klebsiellia pneumonia (ATCC© 19155), Salmonella typhi (ATCC© 14028) and Escherichia coli (ATCC© .25922) and the fungal strains Aspergillus flavin, Aspergillus niger, Candida, tropicalis, and Fusarium oxysporium was observed from the essential oil at concentration of 500 µg/mL. Antioxidant potential was observed to be strong of 18.42 µg/mL when compared to the control of 15.23 µg/mL. The result indicated that the oil obtained from root-bark of Syzygium polyanthum can be considered as an agent for antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal in pharmaceutical food and cosmetic industries trails.