The objective of the study is to determine respiratory conditions of elementary school children in Gangneung based on population-based data. From October 9th to December 14th, 2006, the study conducted survey targeting children in Gangneung and Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) such as Forced vital capacity (FVC) and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) was measured with a spirometer. The prevalence of asthmatic symptoms was 29.8% among boys and 39.6% among girls. Using logistic regression, we found that family history of allergic rhinitis (OR=3.90, CI=1.05-14.51), experience of allergic conjunctivitis (OR=4.67, CI=1.54-14.16) and atopic dermatitis (OR=2.86, CI=1.17-7.05) significantly increased the asthmatic symptoms. Also, family history of asthma and food allergy were associated with asthmatic symptoms. As for housing environmental risk factor, residence under the ground (OR=3.59, CI=1.35-9.51) and big-size dolls (OR=2.71, CI=0.86-8.53) significantly increased the prevalence of asthmatic symptoms. For PFT, above four families, exposure of passive smoking and pets significantly reduced FVC in both group s(p<0.05). In girls, big-size doll was significantly associated with decreased lung function (FVC and FEV₁). In boys, using bed significantly reduced FEV1. Also, risk of asthmatic symptoms was found to increase when house building is 5 years or older, house is close to road (100m), gas/kerosene heater or carpet is utilized within houses. But, their differences were not significant. It is concluded that genetic factor such as family history of respiratory disease, allergic symptoms and housing risk factor are related to asthmatic symptoms. These results were worth noting because the findings will help address risk factors related respiratory symptoms in the residence.