『삼국사기』 지리지에 보이는 고대 호남지방 武州의 郡縣 편제 양상

The Aspect of Gun-Hyon Organization of Muju, An Ancient Homan District, Shown In The 『Samguksagi』 Geography Section

신라의 9주 중 무주의 군현 편제 양상을 살폈다. 그런데 무주라는 동일한 공간이 『삼국사기』 지리지3 신라편 무주와 지리지4 백제편 무진주 기록간에 군현 숫자, 군현 격의 변경 및 군현의 집중 배치 지역에서 차이가 있었다. 신라편 무주는 14군, 백제편 무진주는 15군이었다. 군의 배치에서는 치소군의 집중 지역이 달랐다. 신라편 무주에는 북쪽에 1개군 추가(장성군), 남쪽 평야지대에 1개군(반남군)이 추가되었다. 반면 백제편 무진주에는 동남쪽에 해당하는 승주, 낙안, 보성 복내, 보성 지역에 4개 군이 배치되었다. 신라편에서는 그 중 보성 복내가 폐지되었다. 진도군은 백제편에서는 섬 지역 전체가 1개의 군으로 편제되었다. 반면 신라편에서는 이전 섬의 치소였던 인진도군이 무안군의 속현으로 변했다. 무안과 진도간의 거리를 고려하면 납득하기 어려운 구조이다. 이렇듯 두 기록간 무주라는 동일 공간의 군현 편제 양상이 변화했던 근본적인 원인은 백제 당시의 통치 목적, 삼국 통합 후 신라의 통치 목적에 따른 지방 행정 제도 개편의 결과였을 것이다. 이번 연구를 바탕으로 더 세부적인 배경은 추후 연구에서 밝혀보겠다.

This study speculated on the aspect Guns(郡) and Hyons(縣) of Muju(武州), one of nine districts of ancient Shilla, were organized. However, as for the a site of Muju, there was a difference in the quantity, class change and concentrated arrangement of Guns and Hyons between Muju of Shillla recorded in the 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』 Geography Section(地理志)3 and the Mujinju(武珍州) of Baekje in the 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』 Geography Section(地理志)4 It was recorded that the Muju of Shilla had 14 Guns while the Mujinju of Baekje had 15 Guns. As for the way of military arrangement, there was a difference in the districts Chisogun(治所郡, the place with an administrative office) was concentrated between Shilla edition and Baekje edition. In the Shilla Edition, to the north of Muju, 1 Gun(Jangseonggun) was added, and to the plain area of South, 1 Gun(Bannamgun) was added. However, in the Baekje edition, four Gun were arranged in Seungju, Nagan, Bosung and Bokne of Bosung that correspond to the southeastern area of Muju. In the Shilla edition, Neungju was abolished. As for the Jindogun case, in the Baekje edition, the entire island area was arranged into a single Gun. However, in the Shilla edition, Injindogun that had been the administrative office of the island was served as a subordinate Hyon of Muangun. Considering the distance between Muan and Jindo, it is difficult to understand. Thus, it was assumed that the basic reasons why the organization of Gun-Hyon was different according to periods and records were for ruling goals of Baekje and reorganization of local administrative systems according to the ruling goals of Shilla after the three states had been unified. Based on the results of the study, further research will focus on more specific background.