寬倉里遺蹟의 編年과 變遷

On the Chronology of Gwanchang-ri Sites and their Changes

호서해안지역의 대표적인 송국리문화 유적인 보령 관창리유적의 형성과정을 통하여 사회상을 재검토하고자한다. 유적에서 출토된 유물을 분류하고, 순서배열보충법으로 작성된 양식편년에 따라 주거지를 3시기로 나누었다. 관창리취락은 수전을 기반으로 한 농경사회이지만 수렵채집문화도 공존한다. 무덤은 취락 내부에 발견되지만, 별도의 구릉에도 묘역을 조성하였다. 그리고 중국의 제도술을 도입하면서, 토기가마를 한 곳에 모아두고 그주변에 고상창고와 공방을 갖춘 반전업적 생산체제를 갖춘 점이다. B지구가 중심지역이면서 3개의 구역(A~C) 으로 나누어진다. Ⅰ기취락은 B지구 A구가 중심이며 1동의 대형가옥이 존재하지만 소규모에 불과하다. Ⅱ기에는 B구에 토기가마가 조영되면서 확장되지만, A구는 축소한다. 2동의 대형가옥이 A·B구에 등장한다. Ⅲ기가 되면 A구는 쇠퇴하고 2개 구역으로 재분할된 B구에 대형가옥은 구릉의 최상부에 1동, 특수건물이 입지하는 낮은 곳에 각 1동씩분포한다. 이 시기는 수장이 등장하기 직전으로서 취락 구성원 사이의 계서와 귀속지위가 인정된 사회였다

Gwanchang-ri settlement was an agrarian society based on paddy-field production but huntinggathering was also performed simultaneously. Graves have been discovered both inside the settlement and separated hill areas. The discovery of earthenware kilns gathered together in the same spot surrounded by raised warehouses and workshops suggests that the introduction of ceramic technique from China led to the formation of a semi-professional production system. The settlement is accordingly divided into three districts of A, B (a central ara), and C. The settlement formed in Period I stretched out mostly around District B and A and only one large-sized house was built there whereas all others had small sizes. In Period II, District B began to expand as earthenware kilns were installed there while the size of District A was being reduced. Two large-sized houses were built in Districts A and B in this period. As District A declined in Period Ⅲ, District B began to be divided into two sub-districts, one around the hilltop and another located in the lower area with some special purpose buildings, and two large houses were built in each of these sub-districts. Period Ⅲ was right before the appearance of chiefdom in this region and the community formed there in this time had a society where the ranks and ascribed statuses among the people living together in the large houses were stabilized.