다운증후군 아동의 인지과정 특성 분석

The Analysis on the Characteristics of Down s Syndrome Children s Cognitive Processing

이 연구는 K-ABC 검사를 통해 8세에서 12세인 다운증후군 20명과 정신연령이 같은 정상아 20명을 대상으로 하여 동시적 인지과정과 연속적 인지과정의 특성을 비교하는데 연구의 목적이 있었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다운증후군과 정상아는 인지과정에 있어서 동시적 처리와 연속적 처리간의 성취도 차이는 없다. 둘째, 다운증후군과 정상아간의 하위검사 항목에 관한 비교에 있어서 4개의 항목에 성취도 차이가 있었는데 연속적 처리 과정이 동시적 처리과정보다 더 많은 성취도의 차이를 나타내었다. 셋째, 정상아는 인지처리 과정에 있어서 검사항목간의 성취도는 차이가 없다. 다운증후군은 검사항목간에 차이가 있었다.

The subjects of this study were the 20 Down s Syndrome and 20 mental age-matched normal children from 8 to 12 years old by K-ABC(Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children) Test Instrument based on Luria-Das theory. The results of this study were as follows. First, there is no difference of achievement between simultaneous processing and sequential processing in the recognition process of Down s Syndrome. And there is no difference in the achievement degree between visual processing and auditory processing. In case of normal children, there is no difference of achievement degree between them. The normal children show higher achievement level than the Down s Syndrome in the simultaneous and sequential processing. Second, in case of the comparison between the Down s Syndrome and normal children in the Scaled Scores of Sub-tests, there is a total difference in four items. The differences in achievement level are listed as below; Word order(sequential processing), Number recall(sequential processing), Hands movements(sequential processing) and Gestalt closure(simultaneous processing). So, in case of cognitive processing between the Down s Syndrome and normal children, sequence processing shows more difference than simultaneous processing in achievement level. Finally, there is no difference in achievement between test items in the normal children cognitive processing. In case of the Down s Syndrome, there is a difference between Gestalt closure(simultaneous processing) and the other three items(sequential processing). In case of the comparison among Hands movements, Number recall and Word order(sequential processing), there is a difference between Word order and Hands movements. But, there is no difference between Number recall and Word order. Therefore, when the Down s Syndrome are compared by the difference between items in achievement level, it can be found that there is a significant difference between items in sequential processing.