장애인재활 분야의 상담실천기술에 관한 연구

A Study on the Counseling Skills of Rehabilitation Field Practitioners for Persons with Disabilities

본 연구는 장애인재활 분야에서 장애인과 그 가족들을 상담하는 현장종사자 121명을 대상으로 하여 구체적 상담기술들을 중심으로 하여 조사하였다. 재활상담에서는 일반 상담기술들을 활용하기도 하지만 장애라고 하는 특수한 현상에 따라 공통의 상담 요인 외에도 장애상태나 정도에 알맞는 상담기술의 적용이 요구되고 있고 이것은 지금까지 학문적으로 쉽게 규명되지 않았다. 상담성과나 상담사의 의도를 치료효과와 연결 짓기 위한 시도로써 객관적으로 추정된 상담기술의 평가는 상담사 교육에 필요한 경험적 요소의 하나이다. 연구를 통해 나타난 실천현장 종사자들의 상담기술은 모두 4개의 요인 모형으로 설명될 수 있었고 종사자의 연령이나 교육과 같은 중요한 독립변수들 사이에서 상담실천기술은 다르게 나타났다. 상담실천기술의 중요성은 학교폭력에 대처하는 일반 교육영역에서도 많이 논의되고 있지만 여전히 탐구가 활발하지 않지만 재활은 심리적 부분의 비중이 높아 성취동기와 같은 개인적 교육측면뿐만 아니라, 환경조성을 통해 자아실현에 이를 수 있도록 도우는 원조가 필요하다. 추후연구에서는 물질중독이나 정신장애, 다문화 영역과 같이 재활상담의 폭을 더욱 넓힐 수 있는 학문적 이론적 시도가 요구된다고 볼 수 있다. 응답자의 반응에서 상담사 특성 면에서는 상담사의 자기개발과 전문성 증대에 높은 가치를 두었다. 따라서 상담사교육이나 교과과정을 마련할 시에 실천분야의 특성에 따른 내용이 추가될 필요가 있다. 나아가 이들에 대한 공식적 교육체계는 질과 양 모든 측면 충분한 준비와 실행이 요구된다.

This study was aimed at investigating rehabilitation counselors skills in practicing on various work settings. For the research purpose, a structured questionnaire was developed, distributed and collected. The questionnaire contained general questions of demographic information of respondents with 44 specific counseling skills, and 18 items are asking for counselor characteristics. Based upon a series of factor analyses, both the 39 counseling skills and the counselor characteristics can be grouped into four categories: ① Direct Response, ② Cognitive Motivation, ③ Overt Attitude, ④ Subjectivity; ① Professional Development, ② Experty, ③ Fidelity, ④ Burn-out Tendency. A statistical significance was found between research participants gender and work position. Male counselors tend to self evaluate more highly on the Overt Attitude factor than their female counterparts. Counseling is a process involving an interaction between a counselor and client in a private setting. It also emphasizes on a dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people in which procedures vary with the nature of the client s need. Counseling embraces goals for the client as clear self-perception and harmony with environment. As a helping profession, there have been many facilitative skills, including listening, assuming responsibility, reversal, summarization, reflection of feeling, and interpretation of defenses. This study intended to identify important counseling skills that rehabilitation field practitioners consider as being very important. Field practitioners personal characteristics are also scrutinized in terms of their general background such as income and age. Research findings are suggested that one of the most important elements in counseling is the person-hood of the counselor. The counselor must be willing to invite the client who is struggling, evolving, risking, evaluating self, problem-solving, and experiencing all the normal human emotions. Overall counseling skills are grouped into five different dimensions; understanding factor, response factor, encouragement factor, analysis factor, and process factor. Counselor characteristic scales are also grouped into the three factor model, containing person-hood factor, emotional factor, and technical factor. In conclusion, meeting the needs of a diverse disability group such as persons with spinal cord injury and other types of physical disability would seem to call for the attention and care for personal development. Rehabilitation professionals must be competent in scientifically selecting, integrating, and applying parts or whole theoretical systems appropriately, either to specific clients or to problem categories. The establishment of the therapeutic climate depends on the trust between counselor and client.