朝鮮時期 星州 所屬 蘆長谷에 대한 一硏究

A Study of Nojanggok as an division belonged to Seongju in Chosun period: Focused on the reason why it survived as an long-lasted region of border jumping(Wal-Keong-JI 越境地)

This writing is a field research about Nojanggok, which was a Wal-Keong-JI(越 境地) of Seongju. Wal-Keong-JI is a unique administrational division in which the place is within the administration of A, but simultaneously is geographically located in B. Since its foundation, Chosun had tried to reform the irrational and uneasy aspects of Wal-Keong-JI. However, Wal-Keong-JI had existed through the whole Chosun period until it was perished by the Japanese colonial ruling in 1906. Nojanggok is currently located in the vast field of Dal-Sung Kun Non-Gong Eup(達成郡 論功邑). It was very unique place. First of all, it was a Wal-Keong-JI and a Dun-Jeon(屯田). And it was also jumping river(越江). At the last, it was the only Wal-Keong-JI during Japanese colonial regime. Especially, we can find more details about Dun Jeon of Nojanggok in <Mukjae Diary>. The formation of Nojangok was nothing to do with the administrational change in the early Chosun period. Nojanggok was belonged to Hyun-Pung Hyun(玄風縣). And Hyun-Pung Hyun was belonged to Kyung-Ju Bu(慶州府), It had never belonged to Seongju Mok(星州牧). The cause of this formation derived from socio-economical change. Kari Hyun(加利縣), Pal-geo Hyun(八縣), Wha-won Hyun(花園縣) was under the control of Seongju. Kari Hyun was in the west from Nak-Dong River and Pal-geo Hyun and Wha-won Hyun in the East. Nojanggok is across the river from Kari Hyun and contigent with Wha-won Hyun. Mu-Gae Jin (茂溪津) in Kari Hyun was a good spot in the aspect of transportational convenience. It had a wagon station(驛) and a small harbor so that the transportation of Nojanggok was not bad at all. And the people of Seongju cultivated farmlands in the both sides of the big river. At these respects, the formation of Nojanggok was resulted from the growth of the farming area. It was the same cause of turning a mountain village into town. Nojanggok had already established Dun Jeon(屯田) in the 16th century. That proves that the cultivation of both sides of the river had been completed in the first half of Chosun period. The formation and developing process of Nojanggok shows the analogy with other Wal-Keong-JIs occurred under the similar circumstances. In the final analyses, Nojanggok had developed and maintained according to its economic profit from the cultivation of the both areas, differing from the general conceptions of focusing on river. According to <Mukjae s Diary>, Seongju Mok had five Dun Jeons; Dong-Jeon Dun Jeon(東亭屯田), Seo-Mun-Uae Dun Jeon(西門外屯田), Yui-Jang-Gok Dun Jeon(葦長谷屯田), and Nojanggok Dun Jeon(蘆長谷屯田). All of the Dun Jeons of Seongju Mok were devided and managed by local power elites. The main activity in the management of Dun Jeon is the supervision and the reservation of a harvest. The supervision and the transportation was carried out by Nobi(奴婢). Besides, the regional power elites directly controlled over the selection of tenant-farmer(竝作人) and the execution of administrational matters for each Dun Jeon. But only Suhryeong(守令) had power of jurisdictional decision and execution over any member of each Dun Jeon. The reason why Nojanggok as Wol-Keong-Ji had remained until Japanese colonial regime abolished it is related with the point that Nojanggok as Wol-Keong-Ji had never recorded on the official documents through the whole Chosun period. Since Ko-Ryu(高麗), a farmland gained from the cultivation of a desolate land was exempted from taxes for the first three years. Moreover, the ownership of the land was given to the person who actually cultivated it. Nojanggok had been developed as the region formed from farmland cultivation around Nak-Dong River. So, The cultivation of this area mostly carried by the people of Seongju. Therefore, Nojanggok was recognized as part of Seong-Ju. So, no geographical document mentioned about it as cross-over the river (越江), or cross-over the border (越入). In modern sense, it was clear-cut Wol-Keong-Ji .