고려후기 禪宗山門과 元나라 禪風

The Influence of Yu’an(元) Dynasty’s Seon(禪) & Development of Two Seon School(山門) in the Latter Koryo Dynasty

This study aims to trace expansion of two Seon school in the latter period of Koryo dynasty. Especially the writer tried to work into development in which up Koryo Seonjong(禪宗) during the period of Mongol Influence changed into a Seon oriented Buddhism. I have paid attention to the Imje(臨濟) school that has exercised influence upon the Koryo Seonjong sect such as Sooseonsa(修禪社) of Sagulsanmoon(闍崛 山門), Gajisanmoon(迦智山門). After the domination of the Yu’an(元) Dynasty supported by sixteen Kuksa(National Preceptor 國師) such Sakulsanmoon(闍崛山門)’s masters Koryo Buddhism under ; Wongam Choongji(圓鑑冲止), Hyegam Manhang(惠鑑萬恒) and Gakgin Bokgoo(覺眞復丘). After the latter part of Koryo Dynasty Sooseonsa-seon continuned the main streams centered around different masters. they were Gajisanmoon(迦智山門)’s masters ; Bogak Iryeon(普覺一然)․Bogam Hongoo(寶鑑混丘), Even though they were related to Sooseonsa-seon, tried to spread tradition Seon. For instance, Seonwonsa(禪源社) temple was the second temple of Suseonsa (修禪社 or Songgwangsa temple). It was a important temple that was appointed the resident head preist of Suseonsa(修禪社) Temple. And It was recepted Mongsan Dukyi(蒙山德異)’s thought of seon that was forming Kan hua seon(看話禪) in the Korean Buddhism, who were Manhang(萬恒) and Seolbong Chonggam(雪峯冲鑑). Mongsan Dukyi(蒙山德異) and his disciples- Cheolsan Sogyung(鐵山紹瓊)’s thought of Seon(禪) exerted an influence in the development of the ideas of the three Masters. During the reign of King Kongmin in the latter period, they were three main master: Master Taego Bowoo(太古普愚), Master Naong Hyeguen(懶翁惠勤) and Master Baekwoon Kyeonghan(白雲景閑). Their thoughts emphasized Mooja hwadoo(wordless topic of meditation 無字話 頭) and the acknowledgement of one’s master Inga(印可), dependent upon one’s realization of enlightenment, was also regarded as important. They were influenced of Seokok Cheonggong(石屋淸珙) and Pyeongsan Cheolim(平山處林) who were direct descendants of Seolam Joheum(雪庵祖歆) and Joongbong Myeongbon(中峰明本) who were direct descendants of Gobong Wonmyo(高峰原妙). They leaded to Buddhism in the latter period of Koryo Dynasty and the early Choseon Dynasty. Since three outstanding masters’s activities in the Koryo dynasty (麗末三師), Chanyeong(粲英) and Honsoo(混修) of Gajisanmoon(迦智山門) initiated in leading Buddhist circle. Hyekeun(慧勤) and his disciples reformed their buddhist doctrines suitable for new eras.