After the 9/11 attacks in 2001, the violent extremism has emerged as a top agenda of international politics. The low-intensity and small-scale disputes of non-state actors have created unprecedented conflicts which made international community in puzzle. Traditionally, the analysis of international relations and IR theory were centered on state actors and its creation of multilateral dynamics. However, the characteristic of fragile state in the Middle East and North Africa has shown that the non-state actor such as militias and religious group posses higher operational capabilities than the state military institution. Especially after the Arab Spring, as the insurgency and counter insurgency took place in MENA countries, national leaders were dependent on militias rather than regular military forces to confront the anti-government movements or groups. Therefore, this study focuses on violent extremism which has consolidated its power through the non-state actors during that 10 years of the Middle East political unrest. It will analyze the influence of violent extremism, violent extremist organization and its restoration process. In addition, the paramilitary organizations and militias in the MENA region will be examined to prospect their future.