考古學을 통해 본 新羅와 倭

Silla(新羅) and Wa(倭) in archaeological perspective

본고는 신라와 왜의 관계가 시종일관 적대적이었다는 종래의 인식에서 벗어나 양자간 교섭이 5세기 전반과 6세기 후반에는 한일관계의 전면으로 부상하였음을 논한 것이다. 5세기 전반 일본열도에서는 신라산 금공품이 신라에서는 일본열도산 경옥이 착장형 위신재로서 왕권과 지방과의 관계를 상징하는 정치적 매개체로 각각 활용된 것은 왕권간의 교섭을 웅변하는 것으로 본다. 이 시기 양 지역간의 교섭은 금관가야 쇠퇴이후 철과 함께 특히 신라의 금공품과 같은 위신재를 확보하기위한 새로운 교섭 상대가 절대적으로 필요하였던 왜의 의도와 이와 함께 일본열도와의 교역 장악과 함께 종래의 적대적인 관계를 타개하려는 신라의 이해관계가 합치하여 이루어졌던 것이다. 6세기 후반 일본열도에서는 신라산 금동제마구가 집중 이입되고 신라지역에는 일본열도산 경옥이 이입된다. 이 시기 신라와 왜가 정식으로 국교를 맺는다. 이는 신라가 舊 가야지역에 해당하는 남해안의 동반부와 한강 하류역을 확보함으로써 對 倭교섭에서 유리한 입지를 차지한 것에 기인한다. 이는 왜가 백제로부터 전수받았던 선진문물을 신라로부터 받아들일 수밖에 없는 상황이 조성된 것이다. 결국 신라와 왜의 관계는 시종일관 적대적으로 볼 수 없고 시기별로 和戰 兩面적인 관계였다고 보는 것이 타당하다. 본 연구에서는 400년 전후 초대형 전방후원분의 이동에 보이는 일본열도 왕조의 단절이 한반도 남부의 정세와 밀접하게 관련되며, 특히 河內왕조의 성립과 발전이 신라와의 교섭과 관련된 것을 밝히고 그 외부적 요인의 중요성을 환기시키고자 한다. 종래 고대 한일관계가 침략과 대항, 지배와 종속관계로 묘사된 배경이 실은 신라와 왜의 관계를 적대적인 관계로 보는 것에 기인하는 점에서, 본 연구에서는 이를 전면적으로 재고할 필요성을 제기하고자한다.

This study have demonstrated that Silla emerged as the new principal authority in relation between Korean peninsular and Japanese archipelago, which has hitherto been understood to be solely hostile, by the time of the early 5th century and the latter 6th century. In the first half of the 5th century, the gilt bronze goods produced in Silla and the curved jadeite beads from archipelago indicate friendly relation between two polities since those were prestige goods meant to be worn and both were used as political emblems symbolizing the hierarchy between royal centre and peripheral region. Interaction between both polities is understood to be owing to decadence of GumgwanGaya(金官加耶) and newly rising needs, no more hostile relation, of Silla. In the latter half of the 6th century, Silla-produced gilt bronze horse riding equipment flowed into japanese archipelago and curved jadeite beads from archipelago into Silla. They had entered into diplomatic relation officially in this period. The background of this international situation might be sought to expansion of Silla that could be defined as occupation of lower reaches of Han river and eastern side of the south sea, the prior region of Gaya. These reasoning show that interaction of Silla and Wa was not solely hostile. Shifting keyhole shaped-tombs in archipelago by the time of A.D.400 indicates change of new kinship into Kawachi(河內), and her formation and development were deeply related to political situation of southern region of korean peninsular, especially Silla. All these evidence and reasoning refute the claims formerly put forth in the literature portraying the relationship between Silla and Wa as hostile, and suggest further more discussion on them instead. This study have demonstrated that Silla emerged as the new principal authority in relation between Korean peninsular and Japanese archipelago, which has hitherto been understood to be solely hostile, by the time of the early 5th century and the latter 6th century. In the first half of the 5th century, the gilt bronze goods produced in Silla and the curved jadeite beads from archipelago indicate friendly relation between two polities since those were prestige goods meant to be worn and both were used as political emblems symbolizing the hierarchy between royal centre and peripheral region. Interaction between both polities is understood to be owing to decadence of GumgwanGaya(金官加耶) and newly rising needs, no more hostile relation, of Silla. In the latter half of the 6th century, Silla-produced gilt bronze horse riding equipment flowed into japanese archipelago and curved jadeite beads from archipelago into Silla. They had entered into diplomatic relation officially in this period. The background of this international situation might be sought to expansion of Silla that could be defined as occupation of lower reaches of Han river and eastern side of the south sea, the prior region of Gaya. These reasoning show that interaction of Silla and Wa was not solely hostile. Shifting keyhole shaped-tombs in archipelago by the time of A.D.400 indicates change of new kinship into Kawachi(河內), and her formation and development were deeply related to political situation of southern region of korean peninsular, especially Silla. All these evidence and reasoning refute the claims formerly put forth in the literature portraying the relationship between Silla and Wa as hostile, and suggest further more discussion on them instead.