미취업 발달장애인의 직업적 능력 유형화 및 취업의사 간 관계

Relations Between Willingness to Work According to the Classification of Occupational Abilities of Unemployed Persons with Developmental Disabilities

본 연구는 미취업 발달장애인의 직업적 능력을 직업적 능력을 유형화하고 유형화된 능력 수준이 보호자와 당사자의 취업의사에 미치는 영향을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 한국장애인고용공단의 2020년 발달장애인 일과 삶 실태조사 데이터에 포함된 발달장애인 미취업자 1,096명의 자료를 활용하였으며, 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 실시하여 직업적 능력을 유형별로 분류하고 취업의사 간 관계 검증을 위하여 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 미취업 발달장애인의 직업적 능력은 ‘저수준형’, ‘평균형’, ‘고수준형’으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 인구사회학적, 장애요인, 인적자본 요인이 직업적 능력 수준에 따라 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 발달장애인의 직업적 능력이 저수준형 대비 평균형과 고수준형에 속할 경우 보호자와 당사자의 취업의사가 높았으며, 보호자의 취업의사가 있을 경우에는 고수준형에 속해야 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 미취업 발달장애인과 보호자 모두의 취업의사를 고려해야 하며, 발달장애인의 직업적 능력 수준에 따라 차별적인 장애인 고용정책이 수립되어야 한다는 실천적, 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to categorize the occupational abilities of unemployed persons with developmental disabilities and to explore the effects of the classified occupational abilities on willingness to work of parents and developmental disabilities. For this purpose, 1,096 unemployed developmental disabilities samples were used in the Survey of Work and Life with developmental disabilities in 2020 of KEAD. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to classify occupational abilities by type, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the relationship between willingness to work. The analysis results are as follows: First, the occupational abilities of unemployed persons with developmental disabilities were classified into ‘low level type’, ‘Middle level type’, and ‘high level type’. Second, it was confirmed that there were differences in the characteristics of demographic, sociological, and human capital factors by type of occupational ability. Third, when the occupational ability of the developmental disabilities were in the middle and high-level types compared to the low-level type, the parents and developmental disabilities concerned had a higher intention to get a job. If there was a parents’ intention to work, it had to be in the high-level type to have an effect. Based on these results, this study presented practical and policy suggestions that the employment intention of both unemployed persons with developmental disabilities and their parents’ should be considered, and that a discriminatory employment policy should be established according to the occupational abilities level of the persons with developmental disabilities.