현대몽골어와 한국어의 지시어 대조 연구

A Contrast Study of Demonstratives in Modern Mongolian vs. Korean Language

The demonstratives of modern Mongolian refer to the name of people and objects, the features, quantities, and time and space in a sentence. Different demonstratives are used depending on the distance of a particular object or person from the speaker. In Mongolian, there is the following dual pattern: demonstratives with ‘э(э-)’ root referring to close objects; demonstratives with ‘т(тэ-)’ root referring to distant objects. Such rule is very different from Korean demonstratives, which are as follows. First, there is a tri-pattern of ‘이 yi’(‘this’), ‘그 geu’(‘the’), and ‘저 jeo’(‘that’). Second, when a particular object (surrogate referent) is close to a speaker, ‘이 yi’ is used. When an object is close to a listener, ‘그 geu’ is used. When an object is distant from both a speaker and listener, ‘저 jeo’ is used. The following shows how ‘энэ’ and ‘тэр’ of Mongolian compare to Korean demonstratives. ‘энэ’ is equal to ‘this, this one (this thing) and this person (this one, this gentleman, this guy).’ ‘тэр’ is equal to the following: ‘the, the one (the thing); the person (the one, the gentleman, the guy); that, that one (that thing); that person (that one, that gentleman, that guy)’. In terms of ‘тэр’ proper demonstratives should be used selectively depending on the context and a speaker’s psychological state. There are cultural and cognitive differences between Koreans and Mongolians. Thus, different types of demonstratives are used even in the same situation. In modern Mongolian and Korean, each demonstratives can have various meanings depending on the context. The meanings should be identified correctly in each sentence or context. It is essential to selecting and using proper demonstratives and the corresponding forms correctly.