몽골의 정치변동과 근대적 정체 형성

Political Change and Formation of Modern Polity in Mongolia: A Critical Acceptance of Historico-Cultural Approach

The current research provides a critical acceptance of the historico-cultural approach to the political change and formation of modern polity in Mongolia, being influenced by the history and traditional culture before the communist regime-building, along with the process of regime-building. The failure of the “National Revolution” and success of the “People’s Revolution” had far-reaching effects on the building of the Mongolian modern nation-state. Under the rule of Manchu tribute’s Qing and Imperial and Soviet Russia, five political and tribal units needed to be unified to create a nation-state. Yet, since only Outer-Mongolia achieved success in constituting the Mongolian People’s Republic as a satellite state of Soviet Russia, the Mongolian people accomplished neither independence nor modern nation-state building. Thus, the Soviet Russian domestic and foreign policy exercised a decisive influence on socialist regime-building, reform, and democratization. Notwithstanding, in contrast to other Asian communist states, the status of Mongolia after the “People’s Revolution” did not advance from a Soviet Russian satellite to a “national communist state”. Therefore, this paper contextualizes Mongolia’s leadership change, adoption of the reform policy “Oorchlon Shinechlel”, and “Democratic Revolution” as a historical reflection of the “People’s Revolution”, effects of the non-communist sector, and voluntarism of the supreme leader.