몽골 정당의 통합 및 선거연합

Merger and Electoral Coalition of Mongolian Political Party

The purpose of this study is to examine Mongolian political party merger and electoral coalition cases in general, and to investigate the causes of Mongolian political party merger, especially the opposition and small political parties. Democratization ended the one-party system and allowed a multi-party system in Mongolia, but due to various factors such as the electoral system, it was difficult for new and small parties to enter parliament in the elections, so that many were united or pre-election coalitions for survival. The merger and electoral coalition of Mongolian political parties so far has been largely among progressive parties with a conceptual or ideological character. Until 2001, small parties, including the Democratic Party, the opposition party for the election victory against the Communist Party of Mongolia’s People’s Revolutionary Party, founded the new party through the “new party.” Since 2001, opposition small parties have united and merged. It was to merge with each other for the reasons of election system and election threshold, and to occupy as many seats as possible in the parliament to become the third party in the parliament. The factors that influenced the formation of the electoral coalition were that the policies among the coalition parties were conceptual or ideological mainstream, electoral system (simple majority) and election threshold (5%). There were several characteristics of the merger and split phenomenon of the Mongolian political parties. First, the Communist Party’s successor, the MPRP, was able to survive the democratization by recognizing the social change called democratization and making changes such as changing the ideology and program of the party at the same time as the democratization process. Second, after the democratization, the newly formed new political parties defeated the electoral rivalry with MPRP, a large ruling party, and instead choosing to change their policies or strategies, they chose to merge or electoral coalition. Third, due to internal divisions between Mongolian parties and conflict between sects, merger and split was repeated. In particular, the fact that the Democratic Party was founded from the beginning of democratization through the integration of various political parties had a great influence on the merger and split. Fourth, the party’s nomination for a non-democratic candidate. Candidate who were not nominated were eventually withdrawn from the party.