天人关系视角下的窦宪封禅燕然山

A Study of Dou Xian’s Feng Shan Ritual at Yanran Mountain from the Perspective of God-People Relations

The thought of man and nature is an essential political issue in ancient time. After the practice of the first Emperor of Qin, Emperor WU of Western Han and Emperor Guangwu, the ceremony of worship heaven has gradually become a symbol of imperial power. In 89 AD, Dou Xian led the army northword against the Xiongnu, then climbed the Yanran Mountain, offered sacrifices to heaven and carved stone to praise. Dou Xian s act is not only the imitation of the previous generation, but also seize the conditions of merit . This self-assumed action of the courtesy, which was rooted to DouXian s domineering character and the tense and antagonistic relationship between the court and its ministers in the Han Dynasty. Ban Gu played a key role in Dou Xian’s offerring sacrifices to heaven. Politically, the inscriptions on Yanran Mountain found a summit of the northern expedition, which made him break through the bondage of the political thought of the man and nature. In addition, the later generations especially advocated the stone carving activities initiated by Dou Xian, diluting the later generations criticism of Doug Xian s acts of blasphemy.