東明(T’umen) 루트

The T’umen (東明)route: on the split of the Mongol-Korean bow tribe (Qalqa obog, 弓族)

The original names of Ancient Chosun and Koguryo are Chosun and Koryo. Koguryo people themselves called their own country Koryo, not Koguryo. Chosun can be seen as a name which came out of the combination of two outsiders names Cho-tribe and Soyon-tribe. Cho ｢朝｣implies 朝鹿(Chaa bog)-馴鹿(reindeer) and Sun ｢鮮｣ signifies 小山(Sopka), where 蘚(Niokq) the moss, the main food of reindeer grows. This 小山 or ｢鮮｣ are distributed, mainly following the Mongolian route, in the Eurasian or North-American Taiga or Tundra areas. So we have named, in our own way, this reindeer nomads migration route ｢Lichen Road(鮮의 蘚路-‘Ni,ukinii jam’: the moss road｣. On the other hand, 槁離(Qori) and 鄂倫(Orun) signify, together with the Gungye(弓裔; 鐵原 弓氏), Gung obog(弓族) “a bow tribe” in the same sense as ‘Qalqa’ of Qalqa Mongolian. We came to this conclusion after a long fieldwork in the Qalqyn Gol area around the year of 2000, integrating into it the view of B. Sumiyabaatar who called the original birthplace of Koguryo was Qalqyn Gol(紇升骨: 忽本) in his presentation in the middle of 1970ies. Especially seeing also the fact that in the case of talking about this root in Tibetan, Mongol is referred to as ‘Khor Mongol’, where Khor’ means [hwar-a quiver], [Kharkha] of Kharkha Mongol used in talking about this root of Mongol should certainly be hwar , and seeing the use of Harha obok (Qalqa obog) in ‘Qori’- the Harha tribe should be “a bow tribe”[弓族]. The Dongmyong(東明) legend reflects the embrio history common to Mongolian and Korean and is a trial to present the theory of split of a bow- tribe into Mongolian and Korean. Thus this can also be called a hypothesis, which came out of reconstruction of reindeer-riding, reindeer herding nomadism, a period of nearly 10,000 years before the steppe has entered the stage of horse-riding, sheep herding nomadism. Of course, the problem of the split of Qalqa(弓)tribe into Mongolian and Korean tribes. ｢蒙·韓 弓(Qalqa)族 分族論｣is proposed on the basis that has already been implied in connection with the history of grafting on ‘the early stage North babarian(北狄)’ Schythian vanguard iron-making technology, and converting it to the names ‘the North barbarian (北夷)’ (『論衡』 ｢吉驗編｣, Qori )and ‘the East barbarian(東夷).’ They combined the Schythian iron-making technology in 6~5 century B.C, and advanced as far as the Mongolian steppe, and changing from reindeer-riding, reindeer herding nomadism to horse-riding sheep herding nomadism, thus acquiring in the same time the most advanced horse-riding-shooting ｢騎馬射術｣ and becoming fearful archer group (弓士集團), the Qori(槁離 or 高麗) tribe -Qalqa tribe(弓族) grew into the leading groups of reindeer herding nomads.And they appeared at the background of Tundra and forested Tundra, vast and limitless bases of reindeer herding nomadism making so far existing nomadic-agricultural empire impossible to exist. This became the foundation of the reindeer herding nomadism of Orianqai-Qorianqai-Qori(弓)tribe. Therefore seen from the point of view of the existing nomadic -agricultural empire, it was a direction to become a Qorči-Orunchun Group reindeer herding nomadism using a bow of Oranqai-‘Qori’, which was impossible for them to become skillful in. It can be reasoned that this very reindeer herding nomadism ｢Qori(弓)tribe-Chaabogtang(馴鹿遊牧民)｣ which the Oranqai(Oranke)- Qori(弓)tribes were practising was to become Qorči(弓士: 箭筒士 -Харваач)=Orunchun=Oranqai’s Chaabog that is ‘Orun bog’. The reason why, in Olkhon Island of Lake Baikal, one centre of Siberia, an altar for Burqan-worship ceremony (不咸 祭天壇) where the legend of the birth of Qori tribe founder is located, is transmitted and handed down together with the legend, will be found right here. They, combined with the Schythian iron-ma