明人의 시선에서 본 16세기 漠南몽골 사회의 변화

The Change of the Southern Mongol Society through the Eyes of Chinese in the 16th century

Pei-lou feng-su is the record on culture and life of the Tumed-Mongol who had resided in Ordos in the 16th century. The writer Xiao da-hung had served as a military governor at the northern borderland of the Ming dynasty for 20 years. Based on his experience as the military commander at these regions, he had written about the southern Mongol society focused on the Tumed tribe. Unlike the other record of the Mongol written by Chinese which mainly contained the military information, it had abundant contents on the custom and culture of the Mongol in the 16th century. Through this record, we could look into the life style of the Mongol including marriage, clothing, dwelling, taboo, a moral sense and rules of the southern Mongol society at that time. Interestingly, it gave us various information of the social change of the Mongol in the 16th century. At the end of the 15th century, according to the collapse of line of defense along the northern border, the Ming Dynasty had change the direction into the free-structure based on the trade. Seizing an opportunity of the Ming’s declining power, the new emerging forces upraised in the borderland of the Ming Dynasty. Altan Khan of the Tumed tribe was one of the representative leaders who opened the trade with the Ming Dynasty. He led the change of material and spiritual life of the southern Mongol society through making peace with the Ming Dynasty and Tibet. According to the Pei-lou feng-su, the economic life of the Mongol had been changed by an inflow of the Chinese material. The Tumed-Mongol began to cultivate and consume grains influenced by Chinese. It had appeared the new residence style called Baisheng(板升). There were also remarkable developments in the field of religious life by the influence of Tibetan Buddhism, and it stimulated the cultural consciousness of the southern Mongol in the various areas of art and culture such as medicine, interpretation, historiography, literature and architecture in the 17th century.