몽골제국시기 유라시아 광역 교통망 잠치(jamči)

During the 13th century, Mongol Empire(1206-1388) emerged over the Eurasian World which had been the most wide scaled empire in history. Under the Mongol Empire, human society had experienced the largest historical space, the Eurasia. In that era, there had been made a bunch of maps covering the whole space of the Eurasia, from Korea to Africa, like as 『混一疆理歷代國都之圖』by Choson(朝鮮) Dynasty which had been caused by the Mongol Empire. For the control over the large scaled empire, the Mongolian central government needed some effective transportation system, so there had been established Jam i system, called 站赤 in Chinese, jam in Tibetan, and Y m in Persian, into the every corner of the empire. Originally that was the old mongolian system organized by the nomads for the speedy transportation related to the governing and the military service. Specifically the Jam i(站赤, 站戶) means the person or the family who work for the maintaining the transportation on the road, the Jam in mongolian. So it also can be said 驛戶 in Chinese, but based on the『元史』, it can be translated into 驛傳 system itself, which was the most effective transportation system controlled by the powerfully centralized government the Mongol Empire, for example they sent a messenger in speed about 200-320km per 24hours between Shang-du(上都) to Da-du(大都). Some scholars has been discussed this system had been collapsed when the Empire divided into the four khanate. But Mongol Empire had been kept the Enfeoffment system(分封制) during their era 13-14th centuries, so mongolian noblemen had some lands from which they had the privileges to collect taxes, and the lands were scattered all over the empire. So at least for the collecting taxes this transportation system Jam i was the essential basis for maintaining the government. The paper money like as 中統鈔, 至元鈔 had been issued by the Mongol Empire, as you know, actually this system also helped the collecting taxes and the transfer to the distance corner of the empire. This two system had been related to the collecting taxes all over the empire, and cooperated each other as the sustaining the empire s financial system.