The purpose of this study is to investigate semantic properties and grammatical functions of substitute in Korean keos, Mongolian yum, Manchu -ngge. Substitute is divided into deitic subsitute and non-deitic substitute. The Korean keos is defective noun to distribute of substitute in sentence, and express modal meaning with copula -ida in sentence, and attend grammatical functions of adnominal ending in sentence. The Mongolian yum conveys the speakers s reaffirmation of his own conviction with sentence final ending and it distributes substitute in sentence. This properties correspond to korean defective noun keos , Manch -ngge, and Mongolian yum. The Manchu -ngge is ending to distribute of substitute in sentence, and it express modal meaning with in sentence, and attend grammatical functions adnominal ending in sentence. This properties correspond to korean defective noun keos
1. 서론
2. 대용의 의미
3. 문법적 의미
4. 결론